Combination of Phosphorous Flame Retardants and Aluminum Trihydrate in Multicomponent EPDM Composites

Abstract

Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubbers with the flame retardants tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, polyaniline, and aluminum trihydroxide were prepared and analyzed in this study. The homogenous dispersion of the fillers in the rubber matrix was confirmed by scanning electron microscope. To investigate the interplay of the different flame retardants, the flame retardants were varied systematically. The comprehensive study sought combinations of flame retardants that allow high loadings of flame retardants without deterioration of the physical and mechanical properties of the EPDM rubber. The eight EPDM rubbers were investigated via thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) to investigate the potential synergistic effects. In the Py-GC/MS experiments, 27 pyrolysis products were identified. Furthermore, UL 94, limiting oxygen index, FMVSS 302, glow wire tests, and cone calorimeter tests were carried out. In the cone calorimeter test the EPDM rubbers R-1AP and R-1/2P achieved an increase in residue at flameout of 76% and a reduction in total heat evolved of about 35%. Furthermore, the compounds R-1AP and R-1/2P achieved a reduction in MAHRE to about 150 kW m −1 , a reduction of over 50% compared to the unprotected rubber R. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:267-280, 2020.

Study on the pyrolysis characteristics, kinetics, thermodynamics, volatile products, and chemical reactions of micron polyamide waste, a typical marine plastic microfragment

“…The generated gases were further analyzed by the NETZSCH-QMS403D gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which was linked to the FTIR spectrometer. With an ionization voltage of 70 eV, the scanning was conducted at a speed of 0.2 s. 27,28 2.2 | The theoretical part…”

Preparation and characterization of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer rubber/metal hydroxide composites by electron beam irradiation

“…One method incorporates flame retardants into the EPDM, improving its flame resistance, which is especially crucial for applications with fire risks. Another approach introduced 3‐D cross‐linked structures to enhance thermal stability, benefiting applications involving high temperatures or mechanical stress 10–12 …”

“…Another approach introduced 3-D cross-linked structures to enhance thermal stability, benefiting applications involving high temperatures or mechanical stress. [10][11][12] Halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) are being replaced by environmentally friendly alternatives like halogen-free flame retardants (HFFRs), specifically metal hydroxides like aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and magnesium hydroxide (MDH). [13][14][15] While HFFRs have advantages including higher decomposition temperatures and lower smoke production, they require high loading levels (>50%), affecting composite performance.…”

Reducing fire hazards and enhancing the thermal stability, acoustical, and UV protection of polyvinyl alcohol using bio-based flame retardant

“…14 It was reported in the literature that various types of flame retardant materials were applied to different kinds of polymers, such as poly (ethylene-co-butyl acrylate), glass fibre reinforced polyaminde 6,6, poly (lactic acid), polystyrene, recycled glass fiber reinforced flame retardant nylon 46 (RGFFRPA46), ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber, polypropylene (PP), glass fibre-reinforced polyester (GFRP), recycled glass fiber-reinforced flame retardant poly (butylene terephthalate) (RGFFRPBT), polycarbonate (PC), poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and polyaminde 6,6, to improve their GWFI and glow wire ignition temperature (GWIT) values. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] The flammability properties, including GWFI and GWIT, of these polymer composites are summarized in Table S1 in the supplementary data.…”