Combination of Propolis Extract (Trigona Sp) and Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) as Alternative Antibiotics against Escherichia Coli In Vitro

Abstract

Escherichia coli is a gram negative bacterium which is a normal flora in the digestive tract. In birds, this bacterium causes a disease known as colibasillosis. Antibiotics are generally used, but excessive use will cause residues and antibiotic resistance. To avoid resistance or residue, an alternative treatment is needed. The combination of propolis and ginger extract is very promising to develop because both have a synergistic effect as antimicrobials. The research aims to determine the effect of the combination extract on Escherichia coli bacteria in vitro. We used 8 groups which contain combinations of propolis and ginger extract. We used amoxicillin disk as a positive control, 1% Na CMC as a negative control. The results showed a combination of ginger and propolis extract showed good inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli in all groups> 6mm., and the highest inhibitory activity was K3 (5% propolis combination and 15% ginger extract) with 8.7 mm. The combination of propolis and ginger extract has the potential to be used as an alternative antibiotic to prevent antibiotic resistance from synthetic antibiotics.Keywords: alternative antibiotics, combination extracts, Escherichia coli, ginger, in vitro, propolis

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Propolis dari Lebah Kelulut (Heterotrigona itama) terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus

“…Berdasarkan pada hal tersebut, maka ekstrak metanol propolis memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri penyebab infeksi. Hal ini sesuai pada penelitian sebelumnya oleh Jamaluddin et al (2019), bahwa propolis dari lebah (Heterotrigona itama) dari Brunei Darussalam memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak propolis 20 gram/L terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus. Aktivitas antibakteri diduga karena adanya kandungan senyawa kimia pada ekstrak metanol propolis, menurut Rocha et al (2023), kandungan kimia yang terdapat pada propolis ternyata dapat berbeda antar daerah, tempat propolis sarang lebah serta aktivitas biologisnya, seperti aktivitas antimikroba atau antioksidan.…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Turmeric, Ginger, and Galangal Rhizome Ethanol Extracts in Combination Using the Checkerboard Method

“…are some of the plants belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. These three plants are widely found in various regions in Indonesia and are commonly used in everyday life as cooking spices, herbal medicine, and traditional medicine [10][11][12][13] . Galangal has been widely used in alternative medicine, including as an antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial 14 .…”