Combination of soya pulp andBacillus coagulanslilac-01 improves intestinal bile acid metabolism without impairing the effects of prebiotics in rats fed a cholic acid-supplemented diet

Abstract

Intestinal bacteria are involved in bile acid (BA) deconjugation and/or dehydroxylation and are responsible for the production of secondary BA. However, an increase in the production of secondary BA modulates the intestinal microbiota due to the bactericidal effects and promotes cancer risk in the liver and colon. The ingestion of Bacillus coagulans improves constipation via the activation of bowel movement to promote defaecation in humans, which may alter BA metabolism in the intestinal contents. BA secretion is promoted with high-fat diet consumption, and the ratio of cholic acid (CA):chenodeoxycholic acid in primary BA increases with ageing. The dietary supplementation of CA mimics the BA environment in diet-induced obesity and ageing. We investigated whether B. coagulans lilac-01 and soya pulp influence both BA metabolism and the maintenance of host health in CA-supplemented diet-fed rats. In CA-fed rats, soya pulp significantly increased the production of secondary BA such as deoxycholic acid and ω-muricholic acids, and soya pulp ingestion alleviated problems related to plasma adiponectin and gut permeability in rats fed the CA diet. The combination of B. coagulans and soya pulp successfully suppressed the increased production of secondary BA in CA-fed rats compared with soya pulp itself, without impairing the beneficial effects of soya pulp ingestion. In conclusion, it is possible that a combination of prebiotics and probiotics can be used to avoid an unnecessary increase in the production of secondary BA in the large intestine without impairing the beneficial functions of prebiotics.

Bacillus As Potential Probiotics: Status, Concerns, and Future Perspectives

“…Recently, an in vivo study by Haldar and Gandhi (2016) revealed that the oral administration of skim milk containing Bacillus coagulans B37 and Bacillus pumilus B9 decrease coliform counts in feces of treatment groups. Besides, the beneficial effect of B. coagulans on the gut metabolism is also evaluated by Lee et al (2016) , who reported that feeding of B. coagulans along with soya pulp to cholic acid fed rats, suppressed the production of secondary bile acid, improved intestinal permeability and reduced the bactericidal effect of bile acid which supported the growth of beneficial microbiota into the intestine. An exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing strain of B. cereus SZ-1 delayed DNA damage, increased cell survival and glutathione and catalase expression in H 2 O 2 induced PC12 cells.…”

A low coefficient of variation in hepatic triglyceride concentration in an inbred rat strain

“…The rats were housed individually in wire-bottomed cages and allowed ad libitum access to food and water. They were acclimated to a diet based on the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G formulation [6]. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) and exsanguinated by blood withdrawal.…”

Protective effects of Bacillus probiotics against high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice

“…licheniformis -fermented soybean paste prevented weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice [9]. Lee et al [10] have demonstrated that a combination of soya pulp and B . coagulans improved bile acid metabolic dysfunction and NAFLD in rats fed a cholic acid-supplemented diet.…”