Combination of starvation interval and food volume determines the phase of liver circadian rhythm in <i>Per2::Luc</i> knock-in mice under two meals per day feeding

Hirao, Akiko; Nagahama, Hiroki; Tsuboi, Takuma; Hirao, Mizuho; Tahara, Yu; Shibata, Shigenobu

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00330.2010

Cited by 80 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…It seems that food entrainment is dependent on the metabolic status and fasting period previous to the food signal (Escobar et al, 2007;Hirao et al, 2010;Mendoza et al, 2008b;Silver et al, 2011), and that an interaction with the LD cycle also exists (Froy et al, 2009;Silver et al, 2011). This could explain why the expression of a clock gene shows rhythmicity sometimes ( gPer1a in 24L group), but not always ( gPer1a in 24D, RnF and SF10-22 groups), even though all animals were randomly fed and without any photoperiodic signal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-dark cycle and feeding time differentially entrains the gut molecular clock of the goldfish (Carassius auratus).

Nisembaum

Velarde

Tinoco

et al. 2012

Chronobiology International

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The aim of the present study was to investigate how photocycle and feeding-time cues regulate the daily expression of Per1a, Per2a, Per3, and Cry3 in the goldfish hindgut. For this purpose, we studied the daily rhythmicity of these genes in fish maintained under different lighting conditions and under different feeding regimes (scheduled or not). We also studied whether the timing of just one meal is able to reset the hindgut molecular clock. In a first experiment, randomly fed fish were divided into four groups and kept under different light conditions for 30 d: 12 h light and 12 h dark (12L:12D), an inverted photoperiod (12D:12L), constant darkness (24D), and constant light (24L). In a second study, fish maintained under 24L were divided into four groups fed at different time points for 35 d: (1) fish scheduled-fed once a day (at 10:00 h); (2) fish fed with a 12-h shifted schedule (at 22:00 h), (3) fish fed at 10:00 h throughout the experiment, except the last day when fed at 22:00 h; and (4) a randomly fed group of fish. Fish were sacrificed every 6 h throughout a 24-h cycle. In both experiments, gPer1a, gPer2a, gPer3, and gCry3 transcripts were quantified using Real Time-qPCR in the hindgut. Results show the clock genes gPer1a, gPer2a, and gCry3 are synchronized by both zeitgebers, the photocycle and feeding regime, in goldfish hindgut. Moreover, such clock genes anticipate light-on and food delivery, when these cues appear in a cyclic manner. In the absence of both zeitgebers, gCry3 and gPer2a rhythmicity disappeared. In contrast, the gPer1 rhythm was maintained under 24L and random feeding conditions, but not always, suggesting that food when randomly supplied is able to reset the clock depending on other factors, such as the energetic and metabolic conditions of the fish. The expression of gPer2a was not activated during the light phase of the cycle, suggesting the hindgut of goldfish is a non-direct photosensitive organ. In contrast to the other three genes, gPer3 expression in the goldfish hindgut seemed to be dependent on the timing of the last food delivery, even in the presence of a photocycle. This gene was the only one that maintained daily rhythms under both constant lighting conditions (24D and 24L), although with lower amplitude than when a photocycle was present. This indicates that, although the acrophase (peak time) of the gPer3 expression rhythm seems to be driven by feeding time, there is an interaction of both zeitgebers, food and light, to regulate its expression. In conclusion, present data indicate: (1) the hindgut of goldfish can be synchronized in vivo by both the photocycle and feeding time; (2) food is a potent signal that entrains this peripheral oscillator; and (3) both environmental cues seems to target different elements of the molecular clock.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-dark cycle and feeding time differentially entrains the gut molecular clock of the goldfish (Carassius auratus).

Nisembaum

Velarde

Tinoco

et al. 2012

Chronobiology International

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“…Our group reported that food volume and starvation intervals are important factors for determining the peripheral clock phase (141,142). A feeding schedule of 2 meals per day in mice induced only one peak in the rhythm of clock gene expression in peripheral tissues (141,143). On the other hand, a feeding schedule of 2 -3 meals per day in mice, with food intake following a longer fasting interval, was more effective at entraining the peripheral clock phase than other feeding schedules.…”

Section: Food Timingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Latenight dinners may cause changes in clock gene expression in the peripheral tissues. Our group reported that food volume and starvation intervals are important factors for determining the peripheral clock phase (141,142). A feeding schedule of 2 meals per day in mice induced only one peak in the rhythm of clock gene expression in peripheral tissues (141,143).…”

Section: Food Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrono-biology, Chrono-pharmacology, and Chrono-nutrition

Tahara¹,

Shibata²

2014

J Pharmacol Sci

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Molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock systemThe circadian clock system has been widely maintained in many species, from prokaryotes to mammals. "Circadian" means "around [a] day" in Latin, and therefore "circadian rhythm" refers to a cycle of approximate 24 h. The earth rotates once every 24 h, and the circadian system has evolved to adjust functions and behavior to this cycle in order to efficiently utilize sunlight for photosynthesis in the case of plants and cyanobacteria and to obtain food in the case of animals. One of the most important features of our circadian system is that circadian clocks can endogenously maintain time under constant darkness and without external stimuli, suggesting that our body has its own internal clocks. In 1972, Moore and Eichler (1) investigated the effects of destroying the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the rat hypothalamus. Their results revealed the loss of sleep-wake cycles and corticosterone rhythms. Since then, the SCN is regarded as the location of the master clock system in mammals. The SCN receives light-dark information directly through the retinal-hypothalamic tract and organizes the local clock in the peripheral tissues through multiple pathways involving neural and hormonal functions (2, 3). The molecular mechanism of the circadian system in mammals has been well studied over the past two decades. The transcriptional-translational feedback loop of the major clock genes Bmal1, Clock, Per1/2, and Cry1/2 is the main component of the circadian system (2) (Fig. 1A). Bmal1 and Clock, which are transcriptional activators, play a positive role in activating the Per and Cry genes through a specific promoter sequence known as the E-box. Per and Cry are translated into proteins in the cytoplasm and are then transported back into the nucleus after interacting with each other, and they subsequently stop their transcription by binding to BMAL1 and CLOCK. Thus, Per and Cry are rhythmically expressed over a 24-h period. This transcriptional regulation induces rhythmic expression of approximately 10% of all genes in each peripheral cell (4 -6). In addition to such transcriptional regulation of the circadian clock, post-transcriptional regulation and translational regulation have recently been reported to play important roles in maintaining circadian rhythms. Genome-wide RNA-seq and Chip-seq analyses found that only 22% of the rhythmically oscillating messenger RNAs are driven by de novo transcription, with RNA polymerase II recruitment and chromatin remodeling also exhibiting such rhythms (7). Furthermore, it was reported that the non-transcriptional redox cycle has a 24-h rhythm in Chrono-biology, Chrono-pharmacology, and Chrono-nutrition Tokyo 162-8480, Japan Received October 25, 2013; Accepted January 5, 2014 Abstract. The circadian clock system in mammals drives many physiological processes including the daily rhythms of sleep-wake behavior, hormonal secretion, and metabolism. This system responds to daily environmental changes, such as the light-dark cycle, food...

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“…Specific primer pairs were designed using Primer3 Input (version 0.4.0, [27]) on the basis of the published databases of Gapdh, Il-13, and Tnf-a genes: Gapdh, 5′-TGGTGAAGGTCGGTGTGAAC-3′ (forward) and 5′-AATGAAGGGGTCGTTGATGG-3′ (reverse); Il-13, 5′-ATGGCCTCTGTAACCGCAAG-3′ (forward) and 5′-GGCGAAACAGTTGCTTTGTG-3′ (reverse); and Tnf-a, 5′-ATCCGCGACGTGGAACTG-3′ (forward) and 5′-ACCGCCTGGAGTTCTGGAA-3′ (reverse). RT-PCR was performed under the following conditions, which were the same as described previously [28]: cDNA syn-thesis at 42˚C for 15 min followed by 95˚C for 2 min, PCR amplification for 40 cycles with denaturation at 95˚C for 5 s, and annealing and extension at 60˚C for 20 s. Gene amplification specificity was confirmed by measuring the size and purity of the PCR product by gel electrophoresis. The relative light unit of the PCR product of the target gene was normalized to that of Gapdh.…”

Section: Rna Isolation and Real-time Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective and Recovery Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Cedar Pollen-Induced Allergic Reactions in Mice

Hirao¹,

Furutani²,

Nagahama³

et al. 2012

FNS

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Obesity is associated with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and therefore can lead to worsening of allergic reactions. Thus, there is cross-talk between obesity and allergic reactions. In this study, we investigated whether the anti-obesity action of fish oil supplementation is involved in the anti-allergic action also induced by fish oil. We observed attenuation of cedar pollen-induced IgE serum increases in two experimental protocols: 15% fish oil supplementation for 8 weeks, which attenuated body weight increases compared with 15% soybean supplementation, and 4% fish oil supplementation for 2 weeks, which did not affect body weight increases compared with 4% soybean or 4% lard supplementation. The former but not the latter protocol attenuated sneezing after pollen challenge. Gene expression of TNF-α and IL-13, a Th2 cytokine, was moderately reduced in the trachea and nasal mucosa in mice fed fish oil supplements. In a third protocol, fish oil was administered for up to 15 weeks after a cedar pollen sensitization and challenge-induced increase in IgE levels. These levels decreased following fish oil supplementation but were almost unaffected by soybean oil supplementation. Surprisingly, the IL-13 gene expression level in the nasal mucosa and trachea was higher in the fish oil group than in the soybean oil group. These results suggest that fish oil supplementation before, during, or after antigen sensitization and challenge in mice helped to reduce cedar pollen-induced allergic reactions independent of its anti-obesity action. Fish oil supplementation can also exhibit pro-or anti-inflammatory action against IL-13 expression depending on the experimental protocol.

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Combination of starvation interval and food volume determines the phase of liver circadian rhythm in Per2::Luc knock-in mice under two meals per day feeding

Cited by 80 publications

References 39 publications

Light-dark cycle and feeding time differentially entrains the gut molecular clock of the goldfish (Carassius auratus).

Light-dark cycle and feeding time differentially entrains the gut molecular clock of the goldfish (Carassius auratus).

Chrono-biology, Chrono-pharmacology, and Chrono-nutrition

The Protective and Recovery Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Cedar Pollen-Induced Allergic Reactions in Mice

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