Combination of syringaresinol–di–O–β-d-glucoside and chlorogenic acid shows behavioral pharmacological anxiolytic activity and activation of hippocampal BDNF–TrkB signaling

Abstract

Mental stress, such as anxiety and conflict, causes physiological changes such as dysregulation of autonomic nervous activity, depression, and gastric ulcers. It also induces glucocorticoid production and changes in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. We previously reported that Acanthopanax senticosus HARMS (ASH) exhibited anxiolytic activity. Thus, we attempted to identify the anxiolytic constituents of ASH and investigated its influence on hippocampal BDNF protein expression in male Sprague Dawley rats administered chlorogenic acid (CHA), ( +)-syringaresinol–di–O–β-d-glucoside (SYG), or a mixture of both (Mix) for 1 week using the open field test (OFT) and improved elevated beam walking (IEBW) test. As with ASH and the benzodiazepine anxiolytic cloxazolam (CLO), Mix treatment significantly increased locomotor activity in the OFT. CHA and Mix increased the time spent in the open arm in the IEBW test. SYG and Mix treatment inhibited the significant increase in normalized low-frequency power, indicative of sympathetic nervous activity, and significant decrease in normalized high-frequency power, indicative of parasympathetic nervous activity, as observed in the IEBW test. SYG and Mix treatment significantly increased hippocampal BDNF protein expression. The combination of CHA and SYG possibly induces anxiolytic behavior and modulates autonomic regulation, activates hippocampal BDNF signaling as with ASH.

Monosodium glutamate induces cortical oxidative, apoptotic, and inflammatory challenges in rats: the potential neuroprotective role of apigenin

“…Moreover, our results showed that apigenin boosted the antioxidant capacity of the neural cells exposed to MSG via enhancing the antioxidant enzymes. These ndings corroborate with previous authors (Al Olayan et al 2020, Lim et al 2018, Mishra &Goel 2013, Miyazaki et al 2020). In former studies, apigenin was reported to upregulate the expression of nuclear factor E2related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase (HO-1) signaling pathways (Mishra &Goel 2013, Taskiran &Ergul 2021).…”

“…In addition, apigenin possess another free radical-scavenging site; m-5,7-dihydroxy arrangements in A ring and 4-oxo group in C ring (Kazmi et al 2020). Further, scavenging excess free radicals may rely on the existence of C2-C3 double bond and 4 keto group in C ring that are involved in electron transfer from B ring (Miyazaki et al 2020). Moreover, our results showed that apigenin boosted the antioxidant capacity of the neural cells exposed to MSG via enhancing the antioxidant enzymes.…”

Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-Like Effects of Conyza canadensis Aqueous Extract in the Scopolamine Rat Model

“…Samad et al [ 26 ] demonstrated the protective effect of gallic acid against arsenic-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and memory impairment in male rats. Miyazaki et al [ 27 ] demonstrated that chlorogenic acid showed behavioral pharmacological anxiolytic activity and activation of hippocampal BDNF-TrkB (brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B) signaling. Rosmarinic acid exhibited anxiolytic effects in a beta-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42)-induced mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease as reported by Mirza et al [ 28 ].…”

Shugan Jieyu Capsule in Post-Stroke Depression Treatment: From Molecules to Systems

“…Recent studies have identified chlorogenic acid and syringaresinol-di-O-β-D-glucoside (SYG) as bioactive components of Acanthopanax . Chlorogenic acid and SYG increases hippocampal BDNF protein levels, activates hippocampal BDNF signaling, therefore, the anti-depressive effects of Acanthopanax may be through the regulation of BDNF expression and its downstream signaling ( Miyazaki et al, 2020 ).…”