Combinatorial Approaches for Cancer Treatment Using Oncolytic Viruses: Projecting the Perspectives through Clinical Trials Outcomes

Malogolovkin, Alexander; Gasanov, Nizami; Egorov, Alexander; Weener, Marianna E.; Ivanov, Roman; Karabelsky, Alexander

doi:10.3390/v13071271

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 225 publications

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“…In this context, OVs, particularly genetically engineered OVs, can enhance lymphocyte infiltration and activation as well as lysis of cancer cells. Thus, to overcome this lack of ICI effectiveness in too many patients, OV virotherapy combined with ICIs has been tested in preclinical models and clinical trials, and has shown promising results [ 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 ] OVs that are currently under clinical trials in combination with ICIs are HSV (OH2), VACV (PexaVec), Reovirus (Reolysin), Adenovirus (LOAd703), NDV (MEDI5395), and VSV (VSV-IFNb-NIS) ( Table 3 ). However, recent studies suggest that genetically engineered OVs and OVs expressing immune stimulating cytokines that have greater potential of altering TME have shown enhanced efficacy in combination with ICIs.…”

Section: Combination Therapy With Oncolytic Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic Viruses: Newest Frontier for Cancer Immunotherapy

Rahman

McFadden

2021

Cancers

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Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite many signs of progress, currently available cancer treatments often do not provide desired outcomes for too many cancers. Therefore, newer and more effective therapeutic approaches are needed. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a novel cancer treatment modality, which selectively targets and kills cancer cells while sparing normal ones. In the past several decades, many different OV candidates have been developed and tested in both laboratory settings as well as in cancer patient clinical trials. Many approaches have been taken to overcome the limitations of OVs, including engineering OVs to selectively activate anti-tumor immune responses. However, newer approaches like the combination of OVs with current immunotherapies to convert “immune-cold” tumors to “immune-hot” will almost certainly improve the potency of OVs. Here, we discuss strategies that are explored to further improve oncolytic virotherapy.

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Section: Combination Therapy With Oncolytic Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic Viruses: Newest Frontier for Cancer Immunotherapy

Rahman

McFadden

2021

Cancers

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“…A variety of different oncolytic viruses have been engineered and attenuated, namely the Herpes Simplex virus (HSV), vaccinia virus, myxoma virus, measles, reovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and the adenovirus (Ramachandran et al, 2017, Chen et al, 2021, Kangas et al, 2021, Lou et al, 2021, Oosenbrug et al, 2021, Panagioti et al, 2021, Woo et al, 2021. Oncolytic viruses are typically administered in conjunction with chemotherapy and radiation treatments to specifically identify and kill cancer cells (Malogolovkin et al, 2021).…”

Section: Virotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Oncolytic Adenovirotherapy to Induce Killing of Cancer Cells and Elicit Antitumor Immunity

Enekegho¹,

Stuart²

2022

Eureka

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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, accounting for over 30% of all deaths in Canada. Various chemotherapy and therapeutic agents are currently in practice to help combat and treat cancerous growths and to lead to cancer remission. Virotherapy is an emerging treatment that uses biotechnology to convert viruses into therapeutic agents for the treatment of specific types of cancer. This process reprograms viruses to become oncolytic and target tumor cells in the body for lysis. It also uses these viruses to recruit inflammatory and vaccination responses by the immune system to help kill surrounding tumor cells while also establishing a long immune memory to help in the case of later infections. Adenoviruses are a group of viruses that infect the membranes of the respiratory tract, eyes, intestines, urinary tract, and nervous system of humans and causing fever as well as many cold symptoms. It is also a commonly used oncolytic virus and has been demonstrated in recent studies to be a great potential tool for eliciting appropriate inflammatory responses from the immune system to kill cancer cells and inducing cell-mediated immunity to prevent against later re-infection by the specific cancer type. Advances to this virotherapy has progressed towards overcoming tumor-mediated immunosuppression, which usually allows cancerous cells to evade the immune system and escape cell destruction, especially when combined with other therapy treatments. (Goradel et al., 2019). This review will focus on the mechanism as to how engineered modified viruses stimulate the immune system for cell killing and cell-mediated immunity. There will also be an examination of several research papers with some evidence to understand the synergy being oncolytic adenovirotherapy and the immune system function to kill cancer cells. Some disadvantages and issues with using this form of therapeutic treatment will also be presented, as well as some present and future research operating to fix these issues as well as increase the overall efficacy of this cancer treatment oncolytic adenovirotherapy.

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“…In the 6 years since talimogene laherparepvec (T-vec, Imlygic) was approved by the FDA for melanoma in 2015, there has not been another FDA approval, either of T-VEC in a second indication or of another virus. However, it remains an active area of investigation, with over 200 ongoing clinical trials of different viruses spanning numerous types of viruses in combination with a variety of other therapies (recently reviewed here [61]). Poor efficacy is thought to be due to a variety of factors including antiviral immune responses, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and low delivery of systemically administered virus to tumor sites.…”

Section: Oncolytic Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapies for Pediatric Solid Tumors: A Targeted Update

Gupta

Cripe

2021

Pediatr Drugs

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There are encouraging signs in our collective progress to leverage the immune system to treat pediatric cancers. Here, we summarize interim successes in cancer immunotherapy and opportunities to translate from the adult world to pediatrics, and highlight challenges that could benefit from additional development, focusing on solid tumors. Just a decade ago, other than antibodies targeting disialoganglioside (GD2) in neuroblastoma, pediatric cancer immunotherapy was mostly relegated to obscure preclinical studies in a few academic labs. Today there are numerous clinical trials of a variety of antibody, cellular, gene, and viral therapies and vaccines designed to either promote antitumor immunity or specifically attack validated immunotherapy targets. Understanding those targets and their pediatric relevance is paramount. While much work is underway to evaluate the utility of numerous immunologic targets, the lack of regulatory approvals is emblematic of the challenges that remain. Herein we focus our review on the most promising targeted immunotherapies in clinical trials for children. Key PointsTreatment of pediatric solid tumors is starting to benefit from a variety of cell-surface targets and new approaches to attack those targets.The most promising of these targets include: immune checkpoints, GD2, B7-H3, HER2, and CD47. Future directions will likely include combinations of therapies, biomarkers to assess success, the creation of more antibody-drug conjugates, and further breakdown of regulatory barriers.

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Combinatorial Approaches for Cancer Treatment Using Oncolytic Viruses: Projecting the Perspectives through Clinical Trials Outcomes

Cited by 37 publications

References 225 publications

Oncolytic Viruses: Newest Frontier for Cancer Immunotherapy

Oncolytic Viruses: Newest Frontier for Cancer Immunotherapy

Smart Oncolytic Adenovirotherapy to Induce Killing of Cancer Cells and Elicit Antitumor Immunity

Immunotherapies for Pediatric Solid Tumors: A Targeted Update

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