Combinatorial Biochemical and Chemical Analyses of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Agricultural Soils from Chongming Island, Shanghai, China

Abstract

We compared polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) concentrations [expressed as toxic equivalent quantities (TEQs)] in agricultural soil samples from Chongming Island (Shanghai, China) determined using two analytical approaches, an enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) method and a high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) method. The PCDD/F concentrations in all 31 soil samples were at background levels (7.30-16.7 pg EIA-TEQ/g from the EIA analysis and 0.526-1.99 pg WHO-TEQ/g from the HRGC/HRMS analysis). Although, the EIA method overestimated the PCDD/F concentrations compared with the concentrations determined using the HRGC/HRMS method. The absence of false-negatives showed by the EIA analysis verified that this method is useful for preliminary sample screening (prior to HRGC/HRMS analysis) and the preliminary characterization of potentially contaminated sites.

Applications of Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) and Orbitrap Based High Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Metabolomics and Lipidomics

“…Analytical advantages of HRMS make it broadly applicable to other fields beyond metabolomics and lipidomics. Numerous studies have been published employing HRMS based techniques in many research areas, such as glycomics [ 68 , 69 , 70 ], food science [ 71 , 72 , 73 ], forensics [ 157 ], toxicology [ 157 , 158 ], natural products discovery [ 74 , 75 ], agriculture [ 37 , 96 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 ], environmental [ 76 , 77 ] and pharmaceutical [ 78 , 79 ] studies. In recent years, food authenticity and safety have become a global concern prompting the development of novel analytical techniques to address food safety issues.…”

“…They analyzed plasma, fecal and urine samples from pigs fed high fat or basal regular diets using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)-HRMS and chemometric analysis and found a set of metabolites most affected by the diet [ 37 , 172 ]. Although the application of metabolomics in environmental studies for the analysis of environmental pollutants has been reported [ 164 , 167 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 ], the use of HRMS based MS techniques for environmental research is still limited [ 76 , 77 ]. Applications of mass spectrometry in the pharmaceutical metabolomics can be further expanded by using HRMS (reviewed by Drexler and colleagues [ 78 ]).…”