Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training Improve Hypertension Associated With Menopause

Abstract

The prevalence of hypertension sharply increases in menopausal women. Recent studies have demonstrated that aerobic or resistance training may help control hypertension. In this study, we report that combining aerobic and resistance training may provide an effective therapeutic approach for hypertension control, attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats. Female Wistar and spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) were distributed into four groups: sedentary control (C), sedentary hypertensive (HR), sedentary hypertensive ovariectomized (HR-O), and combined trained hypertensive ovariectomized (T-HR-O). Combined exercise training was performed on a motor treadmill (aerobic training) and on a ladder adapted to rats (resistance training), in alternate days for 8 weeks. Direct arterial pressure was recorded and oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated in cardiac and renal tissue. Ovariectomy increases increased mean arterial blood pressure, sympathetic modulation, and oxidative stress in SHR. Combining aerobic and resistance training reduced mean arterial blood pressure (12% vs. HR-O), heart rate (8% vs. HR-O), vascular sympathetic modulation (40% vs. HR-O), and improved baroreflex sensitivity. Combined training reduced cardiac inflammation (TNF and IL-6) and cardiac and renal lipoperoxidation (59% and 57%, respectively vs. HR-O). It also enhanced cardiac (71%) and renal (76%) total antioxidant capacity when compared to HR-O group. In conclusion, combining aerobic and resistance training improves mean arterial blood pressure, cardiovascular autonomic control, preventing cardiac and renal oxidative stress and inflammation in an experimental hypertension model with surgical menopause induced with ovariectomy.

Combined Exercise Training Performed by Elderly Women Reduces Redox Indexes and Proinflammatory Cytokines Related to Atherogenesis

“…As judged from the comparison of the TRAINED and SED groups, the practice of combined aerobic-resistance exercise training also had anti-inflammatory actions, since the TRAINED group presented lower serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines than the SED group. Similar to our results, some authors have reported that combined aerobic-resistance exercise training improves the inflammatory status [44–46]. It is reasonable to hypothesize that these anti-inflammatory effects may be associated with the antioxidant effects of exercise training observed here, since the relationship between chronic inflammatory processes and oxidative stress, especially in aging, is well-known [47, 48].…”

Characterization of the Oxidative Stress in Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3

“…NOX activity in the sample was determined by the production of superoxide, using 50 mM phosphate buffer containing 2 mM EDTA and 150 mM sucrose, 1.3 mM NADPH, and 10 μ L of sample. Superoxide production was expressed as nmol/min/mg protein [ 17 ].…”

Sex Influence on Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation and on Cardiac and Renal Oxidative Stress: Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training

“…It is well known that acute exercise activates the sympathetic drive and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) [15,16]. However, regular (chronic) exercise training improves cardiovascular autonomic control and up-regulates the antioxidants pro le in heart and kidney [17,18]. In this regard, our group has shown bene ts on cardiovascular and autonomic control parameters in healthy females [19] as well as in male rats [20] after a protocol of moderateintensity aerobic exercise training.…”