Combined analysis of retrospective and prospective occurrences in cohort studies: HIV-1 serostatus and incident pneumonia

Cole, Stephen R.; Chu, Haitao; Allison, Paul D.; Gange, Stephen J.

doi:10.1093/ije/dyl176

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Separate models were constructed for retrospectively-reported TTP only and retrospectively-reported with prospectively observed TTP; all adjusted for age, BMI, and smoking at each attempt. When including both retrospectively-reported and prospectively observed TTPs, models included a strata statement for TTP type and a TTP type*BMI interaction term (17). A bootstrap approach was used to test difference in frailty variances between models based on overlapping subgroups of women.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering of retrospectively reported and prospectively observed time-to-pregnancy

Sapra

McLain

Maisog

et al. 2015

Annals of Epidemiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Given reportedly high clustering but limited validity of retrospectively-reported time-to-pregnancy (TTP), we assessed within-woman clustering for retrospectively-reported TTPs alone and including gold-standard prospectively observed TTPs among women with ≥2 retrospectively-reported and ≥1 prospectively observed TTPs. We further investigated whether past trying times inform future trying time among women with ≥1 retrospectively-reported and ≥1 prospectively observed TTPs. Methods 501 couples attempting pregnancy were prospectively observed until hCG pregnancy or 12 months of trying. Women reported TTP for past planned pregnancies. Clustering as measured by the frailty variance was estimated using discrete Cox frailty models, adjusted for age, BMI, smoking at each attempt. Utility of past attempts to inform future attempts was assessed with discrete Cox models and relative risk regression, adjusted for baseline age, BMI, smoking. Results 75 women with ≥2 prior pregnancies contributed 180 retrospective and 91 prospective TTPs for frailty modeling. Retrospectively-reported TTP clustering was high (frailty variance=0.89) but substantially lower when including prospectively observed TTPs (frailty variance=0.42). Among 202 women with ≥1 prior pregnancies, past trying times did not inform future trying time. Conclusions TTP recall rather than TTP may account for clustering. Past trying times may not inform future trying times.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering of retrospectively reported and prospectively observed time-to-pregnancy

Sapra

McLain

Maisog

et al. 2015

Annals of Epidemiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, previous studies have found that this method of analysis did not affect the results and may in fact improve the clarity of the final outcome. 8,38 The lack of validation of our 6-point scale is also a weakness, although a significant correlation did occur with the Tegner (r = 0.955; P \ .001) and the 111-Level sport scale (r = -0.617; P \ .001).…”

Section: Strengths and Weaknessesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Long-term Return to Sports After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Reconstruction vs No Reconstruction—A Comparison of 2 Case Series

Keays

Mellifont

Keays³

et al. 2022

Am J Sports Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Reconstruction is considered to provide the best opportunity for return to sports (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. However, recent studies report that <50% of athletes return to preinjury sporting levels and that RTS rates at 1 year after injury are the same for athletes undergoing reconstruction and nonoperative management. Long-term studies are essential to confirm these findings and guide decisions regarding surgery. Purpose: First, to compare long-term sports participation after ACL reconstruction and nonreconstruction and, second, to relate RTS level to strength and stability. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Method: Patients with ACL deficiency (n = 101) who were referred for physical therapy at the time of diagnosis were followed long term: 56 were treated surgically 2.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 1-4) after injury and 45 were treated nonoperatively. At long-term follow-up, the reconstructed group was at 9 years (IQR, 7-11) after injury and aged 33.3 ± 6.2 years (mean ± SD, 70% male; 61% meniscal injury), and the nonreconstructed group was at 11 years (IQR, 7-14) after injury and aged 38.7 ± 8.3 years (67% male; 58% meniscal injury). Measures of objective stability, subjective stability, and quadriceps/hamstring strength were compared between groups using independent-samples t tests. Current RTS level, scored on a 6-point scale, was compared between groups using chi-square tests. Spearman rho correlated RTS with outcome measures. Results: Of the total group of patients, 96% with reconstruction and 93% without continued to play sports. In the reconstructed and nonreconstructed groups, 4% and 7% did not RTS, and 8% and 17% returned to safe sports, respectively: 13% and 12% to running, 20% and 26% to sports involving limited twisting, 12% and 24% to recreational pivoting sports, and 43% and 14% to competitive pivoting sports. The only significant difference was in return to competitive pivoting sports ( P = .003). Five patients with reconstruction ruptured the contralateral ACL, and 1 ruptured his graft. Most patients treated nonoperatively modified their sports participation. Their RTS levels correlated significantly with quadriceps strength ( r = 0.65; P < .001), hamstring strength ( r = 0.721; P < .001), and subjective stability ( r = 0.405; P = .01). Conclusion: Surgically treated patients returned to competitive pivoting sports at 3 times the rate of those managed nonoperatively, confirming that reconstruction provides the best opportunity for continued participation in competitive pivoting sports. Regardless of grouping, RTS correlated with modifiable factors, including strength and stability. Higher rates of subsequent injuries observed after reconstruction may result from increased participation in competitive pivoting sports.

show abstract

“…Prospective surveillance data from sub-Saharan Africa and high-income countries consistently show a higher incidence of severe all-cause acute RTI or pneumonia in HIV-infected compared with uninfected adults and children. [11][12][13][14][15] Risk factors for RTIs among HIV-infected individuals include increasing age, greater immunosuppression, recurrent pneumonia, and cigarette smoking. 16 In LMIC, these risks are compounded by other factors such as poor hygiene, and unreliable water supplies.…”

Section: Respiratory Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Considerations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Respiratory Disease

Rylance

Meghji

Miller

et al. 2016

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Respiratory tract infection, particularly tuberculosis, is a major cause of mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has resulted in a dramatic increase in survival, although coverage of HIV treatment remains low in many parts of the world. There is a concurrent growing burden of chronic noninfectious respiratory disease as a result of increased survival. Many risk factors associated with the development of respiratory disease, such as cigarette smoking and intravenous drug use, are overrepresented among people living with HIV. In addition, there is emerging evidence that HIV infection may directly cause or accelerate the course of chronic lung disease. This review summarizes the clinical spectrum and epidemiology of respiratory tract infections and noninfectious pulmonary pathologies, and factors that explain the global variation in HIV-associated respiratory disease. The potential for enhancing diagnoses of noninfective chronic conditions through the use of clinical algorithms is discussed. We also consider issues in assessment and management of HIV-related respiratory disease in view of the increasing global scale up of ART.

show abstract

Combined analysis of retrospective and prospective occurrences in cohort studies: HIV-1 serostatus and incident pneumonia

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Clustering of retrospectively reported and prospectively observed time-to-pregnancy

Clustering of retrospectively reported and prospectively observed time-to-pregnancy

Long-term Return to Sports After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Reconstruction vs No Reconstruction—A Comparison of 2 Case Series

Global Considerations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Respiratory Disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About