Combined association of walking pace and grip strength with incident type 2 diabetes

Boonpor, Jirapitcha; Parra‐Soto, Solange; Petermann‐Rocha, Fanny; Ho, Frederick K.; Celis‐Morales, Carlos; Gray, Stuart R.

doi:10.1111/sms.14197

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Grip strength is more likely a measure of contraction strength whereas walking pace integrates strength with other processes, such as balance and coordination. As such, the combination of both may result in a stronger association with health outcomes than individually [ 20 ]. Previous studies have evaluated the combination of walking pace and grip strength on cardiovascular disease (CVD) [ 21 , 22 ] and type 2 diabetes [ 20 ] and suggested that the combination of walking pace and grip strength was more strongly associated with health outcomes than in isolation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, the combination of both may result in a stronger association with health outcomes than individually [ 20 ]. Previous studies have evaluated the combination of walking pace and grip strength on cardiovascular disease (CVD) [ 21 , 22 ] and type 2 diabetes [ 20 ] and suggested that the combination of walking pace and grip strength was more strongly associated with health outcomes than in isolation. In addition, previous studies on the associations of walking pace and handgrip strength on cognitive decline [ 23 , 24 ] have reported that when grip strength and walking pace were included in a regression model simultaneously, only walking pace was associated with cognitive decline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Walking pace, handgrip strength, age, APOE genotypes, and new-onset dementia: the UK Biobank prospective cohort study

Zhou

et al. 2023

Alz Res Therapy

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Background The independent and additive associations of walking pace and grip strength on dementia risk and the potential modifying effects of age, APOE phenotypes, and other dementia risk factors on the walking pace and dementia relationships demand further clarification. We aimed to investigate the independent and additive relationships of walking pace and handgrip strength on the risk of new-onset dementia and examine the potentially modifying effects of age, APOE phenotypes, lifestyle factors, and family history of dementia in the relationships. Methods A total of 495,700 participants from the UK Biobank, who were free of dementia at baseline, were included in this study. Walking pace was self-defined as slow, average, or brisk. Handgrip strength was assessed by dynamometer and was divided into sex-specific quartiles. The APOE genotypes were determined by a combination variant of rs429358 and rs7412. Other dementia risk factors, including education, physical activity, hypertension, depression, diabetes, and family history of dementia, were also collected. The primary outcome was new-onset all-cause dementia. Results Over a median follow-up duration of 12.0 years, 3986 (0.8%) participants developed new-onset all-cause dementia. Compared with those with slow walking pace, participants with average (HR, 0.61; 95%CI: 0.55–0.68) or brisk (HR, 0.59; 95%CI: 0.52–0.67) walking pace had a significantly lower risk of new-onset all-cause dementia. Moreover, compared with those with both slow walking pace and lower handgrip strength (the first quartile), the lowest risk of new-onset all-cause dementia was observed in participants with both average or brisk walking pace and higher handgrip strength (the 2–4 quartiles) (HR, 0.45; 95%CI: 0.40–0.52). Notably, the negative relationship between walking pace and the risk of new-onset all-cause dementia was significantly reduced as APOE ε4 dosage increased (APOE ε4 dosages = 0 or 1: brisk vs. slow: HR, 0.55; 95%CI: 0.48–0.63; vs. APOE ε4 dosages = 2: brisk vs. slow: HR, 1.14; 95%CI: 0.77–1.68; P for interaction = 0.001) or age increased (< 58 [median]: brisk vs. slow: HR, 0.27; 95%CI: 0.18–0.41; vs. ≥ 58 years: brisk vs. slow: HR, 0.55; 95%CI: 0.48–0.63; P for interaction = 0.007). Conclusions Walking pace was inversely associated with new-onset dementia in the general population, especially in younger participants and those with lower APOE ε4 dosage. Participants with both faster walking pace and higher handgrip strength had the lowest risk of dementia, suggesting that maintaining both high handgrip strength and fast walking pace may be a more comprehensive strategy for preventing dementia risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking pace, handgrip strength, age, APOE genotypes, and new-onset dementia: the UK Biobank prospective cohort study

Zhou

et al. 2023

Alz Res Therapy

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“…This raises the concern that inflammation may be a factor to consider because it can affect how vitamin D works in the body [ 30 ]. Although most previous studies have focused on cardiovascular diseases only, the combination of walking pace and grip strength suggests a stronger association with health outcomes than in isolation [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brisk Walking Pace Is Associated with Better Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: Findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017

Cigarroa

Bravo-Leal

Petermann-Rocha

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Background: Although the importance of walking for promoting a better cardiometabolic health is widely known (this includes both cardiovascular and metabolic/endocrine systems), there is little knowledge regarding its appropriate pace to provide adults with more cardiometabolic benefits. Aim: To analyze the associations between different walking pace categories and cardiometabolic health markers in the adult Chilean population. Methods: Cross-sectional study. A total of 5520 participants aged 15 to 90 years old from the Chilean National Health Survey (CNHS) 2016–2017 were included. Walking pace categories (slow, average, and brisk) were collected through self-reported methods. Glycaemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), vitamin D2, vitamin D3, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profile (Total, HDL, LDL, VLDL, No HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) were determined using blood sample tests and measured with the standardized methods described in the CNHS 2016–2017. Results: People who had a brisk walking pace were associated with lower levels of glycaemia, HbA1c, GGT, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and higher vitamin D3 levels compared with those with a slow walking pace. Moreover, people with a brisk walking pace had lower levels of VLDL cholesterol compared with those with a slow walking pace. However, after adjusting the model to include sociodemographic background, nutritional status, and lifestyle variables, the differences remained only for glycaemia, HbA1c and systolic blood pressure levels. Conclusions: A brisk walking pace was associated with better cardiometabolic health markers and lipid profile compared with a slow walking pace.

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“…Therefore, a combination of the two may be more relevant to health outcomes than use alone. 14,15 However, to date, the combined effect of grip strength and walking pace on the risk of PD has not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, from a physiological perspective, grip strength and walking pace may reflect different underlying physiological processes: Grip strength is more likely a measure of contraction strength, while walking pace integrates strength with other processes (e.g., balance and coordination). Therefore, a combination of the two may be more relevant to health outcomes than use alone 14,15 . However, to date, the combined effect of grip strength and walking pace on the risk of PD has not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of handgrip strength and walking pace with incident Parkinson's disease

Liu,

He,

et al. 2023

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundWe aimed to quantify the association of handgrip strength and self‐reported walking pace with incident Parkinson's disease (PD) in the general population.MethodsA total of 419 572 participants (54.1% females, mean age: 56.1 years [SD, 8.2]) without prior PD were included from UK Biobank. Handgrip strength was assessed by dynamometer. Walking pace was self‐reported as slow, average or brisk. The study outcome was incident PD, determined by self‐report data, hospital admission records or death records.ResultsThe mean handgrip strength was 23.5 (SD, 6.3) and 39.6 (SD, 8.9) kg for females and males, respectively. A total of 33 645 (8.0%), 221 682 (52.8%) and 164 245 (39.2%) participants reported slow, average and brisk walking pace, respectively. Over a median follow‐up duration of 12.5 years, 2152 participants developed incident PD. When handgrip strength was assessed as sex‐specific tertiles, compared with those in the third tertile, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of incident PD for participants in the second and first tertiles were 1.23 (1.09–1.39) and 1.60 (1.42–1.79), respectively. Compared with brisk walking pace, average (HR, 1.33; 95% CI: 1.20–1.47) or slow (HR, 1.84; 95% CI: 1.57–2.15) walking pace was associated with a higher risk of incident PD. A lower grip strength (Tertiles 1 and 2) and an average/slow walking pace accounted for 23.8% and 19.9% of PD cases, respectively. When handgrip strength and walking pace were considered together, the highest risk of incident PD was observed in participants with both lowest handgrip strength and slow walking pace (HR, 2.89; 95% CI: 2.30–3.64). Genetic risks of PD did not significantly modify the relation of handgrip strength (P for interaction = 0.371) or walking pace (P for interaction = 0.082) with new‐onset PD.ConclusionsLow handgrip strength and slow walking pace were significantly associated with a higher risk of incident PD, regardless of the individuals' genetic risk profile.

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Combined association of walking pace and grip strength with incident type 2 diabetes

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Walking pace, handgrip strength, age, APOE genotypes, and new-onset dementia: the UK Biobank prospective cohort study

Walking pace, handgrip strength, age, APOE genotypes, and new-onset dementia: the UK Biobank prospective cohort study

Brisk Walking Pace Is Associated with Better Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: Findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017

Association of handgrip strength and walking pace with incident Parkinson's disease

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