Combined axial and pressure buckling of end supported shells of revolution

A penalty approach to obtain lower bound buckling loads for imperfection-sensitive shells

“…This was the first analysis performed using a finite element special purpose code to model the shell, and the code was limited to axisymmetric loading. Analysis for combined axial and lateral loading was reported in [13]. For wind-loaded shells, the worst stressed meridian approach was employed thus assuming the equivalence between the asymmetric wind pressure and a symmetric pressure.…”