Combined bromine and chlorine release from large explosive volcanic eruptions: A threat to stratospheric ozone?

Kutterolf, Steffen; Hansteen, Thor H.; Appel, Karen; Freundt, Armin; Krüger, Kirstin; Pérez, Wendy; Wehrmann, Heidi

doi:10.1130/g34044.1

Cited by 74 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…180 years after the eruption", reflecting the accepted sequence of events at that time. However, the identification of the Vedde Ash chronostratigraphic unit within Meerfelder Maar (Germany) lake sediments has improved correlations with Greenland ice core records, which contain the same ash (Lane et al, 2013a). This revised chronological framework now strongly suggests that the 12.880 ka BP Laacher See eruption was in fact synchronous with cooling associated with the YD onset (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Brauer et al, 1999a). However, the recent discovery of the Icelandic Vedde Ash in Meerfelder Maar sediments has revised the relative timing of key climate archives around the North Atlantic (Lane et al, 2013a). It is now apparent that the clearest hydroclimatic expression of the YD in central Europe lags behind Greenland cooling associated with GS-1 by 170 years (Fig.…”

Section: The Timing Of the Laacher See Eruption Relative To The Youngmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LST (vertical red line) is present or inferred within the MFM, Lake Ammersee, and Lake Lucerne cores. The LST is not evident in the NGRIP or Lake Kråkenes cores, and the eruption's timing relative to NGRIP δ 18 O and Lake Kråkenes Ti is based on layer counting from the Vedde Ash ("VA"), a tephrochronological marker (12.140 ± 0.04 ka BP) also found in MFM (Lane et al, 2013a;Brauer et al, 2008). The published chronologies for Lake Ammersee and Lake Lucerne were shifted slightly by a uniform amount (0.115 and −0.093 kyr, respectively) to ensure the contemporaneity of the LSE in all the records.…”

Section: The Timing Of the Laacher See Eruption Relative To The Youngmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). Specifically, several lake sediment cores from different latitudes have revealed that westerly wind repositioning was time transgressive, with winds gradually shifting to the south following the initiation of GS-1 cooling (Bakke et al, 2009;Lane et al, 2013a;Brauer et al, 2008;. Although the LSE preceded the most clearly expressed dynamical climatic change associated with the YD in central Europe, its timing (12.880 ± 0.040 ka BP) is indistinguishable from the Greenland temperature decrease leading into GS-1, beginning at 12.870 ± 0.138 ka BP (Rach et al, 2014;Steffensen et al, 2008;Rasmussen et al, 2014) (GS-1 is defined as starting at 12.846 ka BP in the NGRIP record, but (Rasmussen et al, 2006).…”

Section: The Timing Of the Laacher See Eruption Relative To The Youngmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research now indicates that the YD was indeed characterised by cold conditions across the North Atlantic and Europe (Carlson et al, 2007;von Grafenstein et al, 1999) but also by a southwardshifted westerly wind belt over Europe (Bakke et al, 2009;Brauer et al, 2008;Lane et al, 2013a;Baldini et al, 2015b), a southward-shifted Intertropical Convergence Zone (Shakun et al, 2007;Chiang and Bitz, 2005;Bahr et al, 2018), increased moisture across the southwest of North America (Polyak et al, 2004;Asmerom et al, 2010), and potential warming in parts of the Southern Hemisphere (Bereiter et al, 2018;Kaplan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly

2018

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Abstract. The Younger Dryas is considered the archetypal millennial-scale climate change event, and identifying its cause is fundamental for thoroughly understanding climate systematics during deglaciations. However, the mechanisms responsible for its initiation remain elusive, and both of the most researched triggers (a meltwater pulse or a bolide impact) are controversial. Here, we consider the problem from a different perspective and explore a hypothesis that Younger Dryas climate shifts were catalysed by the unusually sulfurrich 12.880 ± 0.040 ka BP eruption of the Laacher See volcano (Germany). We use the most recent chronology for the GISP2 ice core ion dataset from the Greenland ice sheet to identify a large volcanic sulfur spike coincident with both the Laacher See eruption and the onset of Younger Dryasrelated cooling in Greenland (i.e. the most recent abrupt Greenland millennial-scale cooling event, the Greenland Stadial 1, GS-1). Previously published lake sediment and stalagmite records confirm that the eruption's timing was indistinguishable from the onset of cooling across the North Atlantic but that it preceded westerly wind repositioning over central Europe by ∼ 200 years. We suggest that the initial short-lived volcanic sulfate aerosol cooling was amplified by ocean circulation shifts and/or sea ice expansion, gradually cooling the North Atlantic region and incrementally shifting the midlatitude westerlies to the south. The aerosol-related cooling probably only lasted 1-3 years, and the majority of Younger Dryas-related cooling may have been due to the seaice-ocean circulation positive feedback, which was particularly effective during the intermediate ice volume conditions characteristic of ∼ 13 ka BP. We conclude that the large and sulfur-rich Laacher See eruption should be considered a viable trigger for the Younger Dryas. However, future studies should prioritise climate modelling of high-latitude volcanism during deglacial boundary conditions in order to test the hypothesis proposed here.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: The Timing Of the Laacher See Eruption Relative To The Youngmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Timing Of the Laacher See Eruption Relative To The Youngmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Timing Of the Laacher See Eruption Relative To The Youngmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly

2018

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First satellite detection of volcanic OClO after the eruption of Puyehue‐Cordón Caulle

Theys

Smedt

Roozendaël

et al. 2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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Volcanoes release large amounts of halogen species such as HCl and HBr, which can be converted into reactive halogens by heterogeneous photochemical reactions that are currently not fully characterized. Here we report on the first satellite detection of volcanic chlorine dioxide (OClO). Measurements were performed using the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography instrument for the ash-laden plume emitted after the 2011 eruption of Puyehue-Cordón Caulle in Chile. We also identified volcanic BrO using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, as well as enhanced HCl in data of the Microwave Limb Sounder instrument. These observations suggest that OClO was formed in the plume by the ClO + BrO reaction in presence of a large excess of ClO. The present satellite data set could help better understand reactive halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes and its impact on atmospheric composition.

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Gas emission strength and evolution of the molar ratio of BrO/SO₂ in the plume of Nyiragongo in comparison to Etna

et al. 2015

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Airborne and ground-based differential optical absorption spectroscopy observations have been carried out at the volcano Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of Congo) to measure SO 2 and bromine monoxide (BrO) in the plume in March 2004 and June 2007, respectively. Additionally filter pack and multicomponent gas analyzer system (Multi-GAS) measurements were carried out in June 2007. Our measurements provide valuable information on the chemical composition of the volcanic plume emitted from the lava lake of Nyiragongo. The main interest of this study has been to investigate for the first time the bromine emission flux of Nyiragongo (a rift volcano) and the BrO formation in its volcanic plume. Measurement data and results from a numerical model of the evolution of BrO in Nyiragongo volcanic plume are compared with earlier studies of the volcanic plume of Etna (Italy). Even though the bromine flux from Nyiragongo (2.6 t/d) is slightly greater than that from Etna (1.9 t/d), the BrO/SO 2 ratio (maximum 7 × 10 À5 ) is smaller than in the plume of Etna (maximum 2.1 × 10 À4 ). A one-dimensional photochemical model to investigate halogen chemistry in the volcanic plumes of Etna and Nyiragongo was initialized using data from Multi-GAS and filter pack measurements. Model runs showed that the differences in the composition of volcanic volatiles led to a smaller fraction of total bromine being present as BrO in the Nyiragongo plume and to a smaller BrO/SO 2 ratio.

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Combined bromine and chlorine release from large explosive volcanic eruptions: A threat to stratospheric ozone?

Cited by 74 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly

Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly

First satellite detection of volcanic OClO after the eruption of Puyehue‐Cordón Caulle

Gas emission strength and evolution of the molar ratio of BrO/SO₂ in the plume of Nyiragongo in comparison to Etna

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Combined bromine and chlorine release from large explosive volcanic eruptions: A threat to stratospheric ozone?

Cited by 74 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly

Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly

First satellite detection of volcanic OClO after the eruption of Puyehue‐Cordón Caulle

Gas emission strength and evolution of the molar ratio of BrO/SO2 in the plume of Nyiragongo in comparison to Etna

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Gas emission strength and evolution of the molar ratio of BrO/SO₂ in the plume of Nyiragongo in comparison to Etna