Combined Cancer Photothermal-Chemotherapy Based on Doxorubicin/Gold Nanorod-Loaded Polymersomes

Abstract

Gold nanorods (GNRs) are well known in photothermal therapy based on near-infrared (NIR) laser absorption of the longitudinal plasmon band. Herein, we developed an effective stimulus system -- GNRs and doxorubicin co-loaded polymersomes (P-GNRs-DOX) -- to facilitate co-therapy of photothermal and chemotherapy. DOX can be triggered to release once the polymersomes are corrupted under local hyperthermic condition of GNRs induced by NIR laser irradiation. Also, the cytotoxicity of GNRs caused by the residual cetyltrimethylacmmonium bromide (CTAB) was reduced by shielding the polymersomes. The GNRs-loaded polymersomes (P-GNRs) can be efficiently taken up by the tumor cells. The distribution of the nanomaterial was imaged by IR-820 and quantitatively analyzed by ICP-AES. We studied the ablation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, and found that co-therapy offers significantly improved therapeutic efficacy (tumors were eliminated without regrowth.) compared with chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone. By TUNEL immunofluorescent staining of tumors after NIR laser irradiation, we found that the co-therapy showed more apoptotic tumor cells than the other groups. Furthermore, the toxicity study by pathologic examination of the heart tissues demonstrated a lower systematic toxicity of P-GNRs-DOX than free DOX. Thus, the chemo-photothermal treatment based on polymersomes loaded with DOX and GNRs is a useful strategy for maximizing the therapeutic efficacy and minimizing the dosage-related side effects in the treatment of solid tumors.

Magnesium Oxide in Nanodimension: Model for MRI and Multimodal Therapy

“…The time of incubation for cell localization was selected as 6, 24, and 48 hours. Cell viability of each well was assessed by applying MTT Assay [30,31].…”

Theranostic nanomaterials applied to the cancer diagnostic and therapy and nanotoxicity studies

“…(7) Having verified the formation of the CM--Lap-PEGAuNRs conjugates, we investigated their photothermal properties using a 808 nm laser at a power density of about 1.5 W/cm 2 , which is consistent with earlier experimental conditions used in PPTT to guarantee minimal side effects, (55,105,160) and an optical thermometer to monitor the temperature. The 808 nm wavelength overlaps with the longitudinal absorption band of the AuNRs and it is important due to the low absorption of the tissue in the NIR.…”

Recent Advances of Light-Mediated Theranostics

“…Recently, numerous photo-to-heat transducers, including AuNPs 108, CuS 109, MoS 2 110, carbon-based nanomaterials 111 and some hybrid nanostructures (e. g. Au-Ag NPs 112, Silica-Au NPs 113, Graphene oxide (GO)-Au nanorods 114, GO-silica 115, etc), have been widely fabricated for the heat induced drug delivery. More importantly, several functional materials, including polymer 116, liposomes 117 and biomolecues 118 etc, have also been reported to endow these novel nanomaterials with desired properties. For example, Xia's group constructed a nanoplatform for NIR light-triggered drug release through the photothermal effect of smart polymer (pNIPAAm-co-pAAm copolymers) coated gold nanocages (Figure 6A) 119.…”