Combined compression and shear wave ultrasonic measurements on curing adhesive

Freemantle, R. J.; Challis, R.E.

doi:10.1088/0957-0233/9/8/023

Cited by 62 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These two properties can then be used to determine the density and the adiabatic bulk modulus, b; of the cement. The adiabatic bulk modulus can be written as [16] …”

Section: Acoustic Measurement Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

An ultrasonic pulse-echo technique for monitoring the setting of CaSO4-based bone cement

et al. 2003

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We present a new ultrasonic technique for monitoring the entire setting process of injectable bone cement. The problem with existing standards is their subjectivity. Because of this the results are not comparable between different research groups.A strong advantage with the proposed technique is that it is non-invasive and non-destructive, since no manipulation of the cement sample is needed once the measurement has started. Furthermore, the results are reproducible with small variations.The testing was performed on calcium sulfate cement using an ultrasonic pulse-echo approach. The results show that the acoustic properties of the cement are strongly correlated with the setting time, the density, and the adiabatic bulk modulus. The measured initial and final setting times agree well with the Gillmore needles standard. An important difference compared to the standards, is that the technique presented here allows the user to follow the entire setting process on-line. r

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“…These two properties can then be used to determine the density and the adiabatic bulk modulus, b; of the cement. The adiabatic bulk modulus can be written as [16] …”

Section: Acoustic Measurement Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

An ultrasonic pulse-echo technique for monitoring the setting of CaSO4-based bone cement

et al. 2003

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“…It has been shown that the speed of bulk waves in the adhesive material, which is dependent primarily on the stiffness of the material, may be used to infer the state of cure of the adhesive [3]. This has motivated studies to monitor curing using ultrasonic techniques [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feature-guided waves for monitoring adhesive shear modulus in bonded stiffeners

Fan

Castaings

Lowe

et al. 2013

NDT & E International

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Adhesively bonded stiffeners are employed in aerospace applications to increase structural stiffness. The potential of feature-guided wave modes for the verification of adhesion and curing state in difficult-to-access regions has been investigated. The properties of guided wave modes propagating along a T-shaped stiffener bonded to an aluminium plate were calculated using the Semi-Analytical Finite Element (SAFE) method. Feature-guided modes dominated by shearing motion were identified to be well suited, with energy concentrated at the stiffener and bond line, limiting energy radiation into the plate and thus maximising inspection length. The influences of the bond line stiffness and thickness on the guided wave behaviour were investigated using SAFE and 3D Finite Element calculations, and found to be significant. Experiments were conducted to measure the properties of the guided waves during the curing of an epoxy joint attaching a stiffener to a plate. The feature-guided mode was excited using a piezo-electric shear transducer and measured using a laser interferometer. The measured phase speed changed significantly during curing. The frequency dependency was found to match well with the SAFE calculations for a variation of the shear (Coulomb) modulus of the adhesive. The potential of the featureguided shear wave mode for bond line inspection and monitoring has been shown and the choice of guided wave mode and frequency range for good sensitivity to the bond line state discussed.

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“…Combined CW and SW measurements were made on curing adhesive using a goniometer apparatus described elsewhere [7], at temperatures up to 70°C and over frequency bandwidths of I MHz to 16 MHz. The curing adhesive was held in a parallel sided cuvette immersed in a temperature controlled (± 1°C) water bath.…”

Section: Ultrasound Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%