“…EIS (electrical impedance spectroscopy) devices have been widely employed in biological studies, such as single cell analysis [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] and virus detection [10,11,12,13,14,15]. In particular, many studies have reported significant differences in electrical impedance between dissimilar cells or tissues from various organs [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25].…”