Combined effect of dietary l ‐carnitine and ractopamine supplementation on growth and nutritional composition of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822)

Abstract

Fish is an important constituent of human diet and are known to be the less expensive source of animal protein apart from a rich source of micro and macro minerals and other nutrients (Andrew, 2001;Mazumdar & Basu, 2009). The cost of feed is one of the major concerns for the success of fish culture. Hence, the formulation of a cost-effective feed with better conversion ratio is of utmost importance. Increase in dietary fat content in the fish feed induces the protein-sparing effect and enhances the utilization of dietary protein for growth. However, the inclusion of high energy diet may result in excessive lipid deposition in tissues and may also negatively affect the nutritional value, organoleptic properties, quality and storage stability of fish (Du et al., 2006). Fat metabolism in fish could be modified by utilization of feed metabolic modifiers which enhances oxidation of fatty acid and provides cost-effective energy,

Beta-Agonist, Ractopamine Hydrochloride, Improves Growth, Alters Body Composition, and Suppresses Gonadal Maturation in All-Female Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

“…Mustin and Lovell [14] observed positive effects of ractopamine on younger channel catfish, while Bicudo et al [20] found similar results in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fingerlings. Vandenberg et al [10] and Singh et al [23] observed that rainbow trout juveniles and calbasu also exhibited similar trends. The present study revealed that feeding all-female prawns with a diet containing the betaagonist RAC resulted in a substantial growth increase at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of feed.…”

“…It may have an anabolic impact on protein metabolism, causing muscle fiber growth and frequent changes in muscle fiber type [12]. Ractopamine has been tested in a few species of fish, such as channel catfish [13,14], rainbow trout [15][16][17][18][19], pacu [20,21], Hungarian carp [22], tilapia [5], and calbasu [23], with both positive and contradictory results. The objective of this study was thus to evaluate the effect of ractopamine as a dietary additive on the growth performance and gonadal maturity of all-female prawns.…”

Ractopamine supplementation in diets for Nile tilapia at grow-out phase: effect on body composition and fatty acid profile

“…Among the bene ts of these fatty acids on human health, there is an increase in insulin sensitivity and consequent reduction in blood glucose; decreased risk of metabolic syndrome; and lowering blood pressure (Santos et al 2013). An increase in the amount of MUFA in body composition was also demonstrated when Labeo calbasu ngerlings were fed a diet containing 1 g kg − 1 of L-canitine and 10 mg kg − 1 of RAC (Singh et al 2021).…”

“…Salem et al (2006) observed that rainbow trout fed with diets containing RAC showed changes in RNA production resulted in the increased expression of genes MHC-f and β-actin, which suggests anabolic effects for higher protein depositions on muscle myo brils. Supplementation with RAC and L-carnitine also promoted muscle growth in Labeo calbasu (Singh et al 2021).…”

“…Unlike other studies, the inclusion of RAC in the diet did not increase PUFA deposition in the tilapia llet of the present study. Studies that tested the inclusion of RAC in the diet associated with L-carnitine demonstrated an increase in PUFA in rainbow trout llet (Haji-abadi et al 2010) and in the carcass of Labeo calbasu (Singh et al 2021). The increase in the amount of PUFA in sh is of interest to human health, since fatty acids such as linoleic, α-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids are directly related to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.…”