Combined effect of infection and heavy wrapping on the risk of sudden unexpected infant death.

Gilbert, Ruth; Rudd, P T; Berry, P J; Fleming, PJ; Hall, Elizabeth J.; White, Dg G.; Oreffo, V.; James, Paul; Evans, Ja A.

doi:10.1136/adc.67.2.171

Cited by 159 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the prone sleeping position, infants lose less heat than in the supine position. [39][40][41]. The synergistic effect between increased temnperature and increased toxin production might account for the high temperatures recorded for some of these infants at autopsy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Factors enhancing adherence of toxigenicStaphylococcus aureusto epithelial cells and their possible role in sudden infant death syndrome

et al. 1993

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SUMMARYToxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus have been suggested to play a role in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In this study we examined two factors that might enhance binding of toxigenic staphylococci to epithelial cells of infants in the age range in which cot deaths are prevalent: expression of the Lewisa antigen and infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSVT). By flow cytometry we demonstrated that binding of three toxigenic strains of S. aureus to cells from nonsecretors was significantly greater than to cells of secretors. Pre-treatment of epithelial cells with monoclonal anti-Lewisa or anti-type-I precursor significantly reduced bacterial binding (P < 0 01); however, attachment of the bacteria correlated only with the amount of Lewisa antigen detected on the cells (P < 0 01). HEp-2 cells infected with RSV bound significantly more bacteria than uninfected cells. These findings are discussed in context, of factors previously associated with SIDS (mother's smoking, bottle feeding and the prone sleeping position) and a hypothesis proposed to explain some cases of SIDS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Factors enhancing adherence of toxigenicStaphylococcus aureusto epithelial cells and their possible role in sudden infant death syndrome

et al. 1993

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“…The mucosal flora at necropsy can be compared with community controls and the publication by Gilbert et al indicates how useful that approach can be. 22 Postmortem microbiology has most to offer when death is otherwise unascertained, but interpretation is at its most difficult in these cases. SUDI is a particular problem in that if death is rapid inflammation might not be apparent to corroborate a bacterial isolate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem bacteriology: a re-evaluation: Table 1

Morris

Harrison²,

Partridge³

2006

J Clin Pathol

152

109

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Aim: To assess the value of postmortem bacteriology in necropsy practice, with specific emphasis on bacterial invasion of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods: A review of published articles on postmortem bacteriology. Studies were selected to cover the full range of necropsy practice including adults, the perinatal period, and infancy. The review covers over 5000 necropsies, mainly in adults, but including 1108 perinatal cases and 468 cases of sudden unexpected death in infancy. Data are available on 4992 blood cultures, 1168 specimens of CSF, and 743 cultures of spleen. Results: Studies in which careful precautions have been taken to reduce contamination show that approximately two thirds of blood cultures are negative, two in nine yield a single isolate, and one in nine have a mixed growth. The postmortem interval has only a small effect on the isolation rate. A pure growth of a known pathogen has a more than 50% likelihood of being found in association with genuine infection in adults and in the perinatal period. Conclusions:The main postmortem artefact is contamination, but this can be considerably reduced by careful technique. Agonal spread is less common than is often assumed. Postmortem translocation is not a problem if the body is appropriately stored. A pure growth of a pathogen in blood or CSF should be regarded as a possible contributing factor to death at all ages.

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“…The age distribution of SIDS has also been described as peaking at the time of maximum susceptibility to infection, which coincides with the decline in maternal antibodies [4,[9][10][11]. Consequently it has been speculated that a combination of infection and other environmental factors that cause thermal stress may contribute to death in over a third of SIDS victims [8]. Recently, there has been increasing evidence that the prone sleeping position is related to the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A preceding history of infection is a common finding in babies dying of SIDS and can be present in 40-75 % of cases [7]. Most of these infections comprise minor respiratory tract infections, which can be caused by either viruses or bacteria, although no association between SIDS and any one particular organism has been identified [8]. The age distribution of SIDS has also been described as peaking at the time of maximum susceptibility to infection, which coincides with the decline in maternal antibodies [4,[9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial flora of Tasmanian SIDS infants with special reference to pathogenic strains ofEscherichia coli

et al. 1994

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SUMMARYThe general bacterial flora of 38 Tasmanian SIDS infants was examined together with faecal flora of 134 comparison infants ranging in age from birth to 6 months. The microflora of all specimens received was investigated with special emphasis on the toxigenic Escherichia coli (TEC). Samples were examined for verocytotoxigenic E. coli, free faecal verocytotoxin (FVT), heat labile toxin (LT) and heat stable toxin (ST) producers with the use of a Vero cell assay and commercial kits. The findings of this study revealed a high isolation rate (39 %) of TEC from SIDS infants as compared to 15 % from the healthy comparison infants. Atypical E. coli strains were also identified during the study, including E. coli A-D. An analysis of the same specimens for rotaviral and adenoviral antigens indicated that 30% of the SIDS cases were positive as compared to 20% in the comparison group.

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Combined effect of infection and heavy wrapping on the risk of sudden unexpected infant death.

Cited by 159 publications

References 25 publications

Factors enhancing adherence of toxigenicStaphylococcus aureusto epithelial cells and their possible role in sudden infant death syndrome

Factors enhancing adherence of toxigenicStaphylococcus aureusto epithelial cells and their possible role in sudden infant death syndrome

Postmortem bacteriology: a re-evaluation: Table 1

Bacterial flora of Tasmanian SIDS infants with special reference to pathogenic strains ofEscherichia coli

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