Combined effect of multi‐injection scheme, injector nozzle bore, and biodiesel blends on combustion and performance characteristics of diesel engine

Abstract

Many researchers have conducted extensive experimental and numerical studies to explore the influences of multiple types of fuels. The high demand of energy in the world has led to the growing crisis and depletion of fossil fuels. Therefore, the researchers have focused on investigating renewable energy sources like biodiesel with the aim of suggesting, which energy is more friendly to the environment. Biodiesel has specifications for using it as an alternative fuel to traditional fossil fuels. Whereas, the use of biodiesel fuel in the original design of Diesel engine can emit a higher percentage of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Therefore, to reduce the harmful emissions of the fuel, the injection schemes and injector nozzle bore (INB) of the engine were modified. The present research combines the effect of the nozzle hole diameters and split injection scheme on the performance and combustion parameters of compression ignition (CI) engine was investigated. The engine was fueled with diesel blended of different proportions (Sp20, Sp40, Sp60, and Sp100) of spirulina biodiesel to prove the suitability of this blend as an alternative fuel. The injector nozzle has three injection holes, and the diameter of the three modified holes of the nozzle is changing (from 0.20 to 0.28 mm, step 0.02 mm) along with two types of scheme injection (double and triple). Furthermore, the influence of the direct injection Diesel‐RK model, single‐cylinder, four‐stroke engine; constant compression ratio (17.5:1), engine speed (1500 rpm), and naturally aspired engine at full load condition are studied. A comparison of the present simulation is compared with published results to validate the present simulation model for conventional baseline Diesel for validation. The simulation was done to investigate and present a comparative study with the conventional baseline Diesel engine. The double injection scheme shows a decrease by 1.8%, 1.7%, and 1.9% for parameters of peak cylinder pressure (PCP), peak cylinder temperature (PCT), and maximum rate of pressure rise, respectively. Whereas, the specific fuel consumption (SFC) and break thermal efficiency are increased by 8.7% and 9.33%, respectively. The results showed a reduction by 2.1%, 20.5%, 22.1%, and 3.2% in PCP, PCT, maximum rate of pressure rise, and break thermal efficiency, respectively. Moreover, the SFC is increased by 3.1% with the modified INB 0.28 (mm).

Effect of Split and Timing Injection Techniques on Diesel-Biodiesel Blends Fueled RCCI Engines

“…The results shown in Fig. 4 , the longer dwell time leads to a downward trend of EGT [21]. This is due to, SOI timing of the 2 nd pules is a very significant parameter because it responsible on the shape of combustion mode inside of the combustion chamber [22].…”

Technical Implications of the Use of Biofuels in Agricultural and Industrial Compression-Ignition Engines with a Special Focus on the Interactions with (Bio)lubricants

“…When using biodiesel fuel in an engine that was originally designed for fossil diesel, nitrogen oxide emissions typically increase (NO x ). As a result, the engine's injector nozzle bore and injection mechanisms could be modified to minimize the dangerous fuel emissions, as in [158]. The adjustments included employing two distinct injection strategies (double and triple) and altering the diameter of three injection holes in the nozzle [158].…”

“…As a result, the engine's injector nozzle bore and injection mechanisms could be modified to minimize the dangerous fuel emissions, as in [158]. The adjustments included employing two distinct injection strategies (double and triple) and altering the diameter of three injection holes in the nozzle [158]. Modern CI engines have recently shifted towards a multi-injection system design in an effort to lower emissions and boost engine performance [159,160].…”