Combined effect of pump-light intensity and modulation field on the performance of optically pumped magnetometers under zero-field parametric modulation

Wang, Jing; Fan, Wenfeng; Yin, Kaifeng; Yan, Yeguang; Zhou, Binquan; Song, Xinda

doi:10.1103/physreva.101.053427

Cited by 41 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In this work, EPs are generated in a one-component system and the coincidence of eigenvalues will correspond to the degeneration of the three components of the magnetization vector. The coupling terms reflected in dynamical equation are introduced by interaction between magnetization and magnetic field in different directions, or the cross-product nature of the Bloch equation For experimental consideration, a typical OPM scheme can be adapted for demonstration of the proposed EPs [4]. A heated vapor cell with K metal of natural abundance and quenching gas is pumped and probed orthogonally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bloch equation is the fundamental equation for describing nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spin resonance [1,2]. In an optical pumped magnetometer (OPM), the Bloch equation is employed to describe the macroscopic dynamics of spin polarization under the influence of external magnetic fields [3][4][5]. Typically OPMs are based on the 'Bell and Bloom' prototype with rf excitation to measure the Larmor frequency [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exceptional points in an optically pumped magnetometer

Qin¹,

Ding²

2022

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Exceptional points (EPs) in a system are the eigenvalue degeneracy that has been demonstrated in a wide range of optical arrangements. While in the paper EP is analyzed schematically in the optically pumped magnetometer, which is governed by the Bloch equation with a 3 × 3 matrix. We numerically illustrate EP enhanced sensing for magnetic ﬁeld and EP encircling induced 2π phase shift by employing the sensing ﬁeld along with transverse modulation ﬁeld. These ﬁndings may contribute to the realization of EP magnetometer and atomic gyroscope for improved ﬁeld and rotation sensitivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptional points in an optically pumped magnetometer

Qin¹,

Ding²

2022

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…The PD is employed to detect variations in the spin component S z , which is linked to the intensity of light passing through the vapor cell. [35] The first harmonic of the PD current can be derived using the Taylor expansion method, resulting in the following expression: [36]…”

Section: Single Beam Atomic Magnetometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Quantum Sensor Noise using Kalman Filter for Improved Sensitivity of Single‐Beam Atomic Magnetometers

Lei,

Yuan,

Yue

et al. 2024

Adv Quantum Tech

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Single‐beam atomic magnetometers herald a new era of high‐precision magnetic field sensing, with applications spanning fundamental physics to biomagnetism. Nevertheless, their utility is often curtailed by quantum sensor noise, encompassing both technical and quantum‐mechanical noise. This research delves into the potential of the Kalman filter as a tool to subdue quantum sensor noise, thereby augmenting the sensitivity of single‐beam atomic magnetometers. Quantum‐mechanical noise is integrated into the system model as the process noise and measurement noise, and a discrete Kalman filter equipped with a time delay variable is employed. The findings reveal that the time delay variable significantly influences temporal signal tracing, while the discrete Kalman filter enhances sensitivity performance in frequency domain analysis, bypassing the typical sensitivity and time resolution trade‐off encountered in coherent sensing strategies. Partial‐knowledge signal scenarios are also taken into account, wherein a polynomial model is proposed to expansively render the discrete Kalman filter more relevant and adaptable to real‐world situations. Collectively, through experimentation involving sine‐like, non‐Gaussian, and medical magnetocardiography (MCG) signals, our results underscore the promising potential of the Kalman filter in enhancing the sensitivity of atomic magnetometers for practical sensing applications.

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“…In the single-beam configuration, it is a conventional practice that the magnetic field can be measured using the demodulated first harmonic signal by applying the transverse parametric modulation on the spin polarization. [23,24] The demodulated first harmonic dispersive signal limits the magnetometer's dynamic range typically at 2 nT with 5% linearity error, [25] restricting the application scenarios of atomic magnetometers. Meanwhile, the instability of the response signal caused by linearity error decreases the accuracy in source imaging, which is critical for OPM-MEG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic range and linearity improvement for zero-field single-beam atomic magnetometer

Yin¹,

Lu²,

Lu³

et al. 2022

Chinese Phys. B

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Zero-field single-beam atomic magnetometers with transverse parametric modulation for ultra-weak magnetic field detection have attracted widespread attention recently. In this study, we present a comprehensive response model and propose a modification method of conventional first harmonic response by introducing the second harmonic correction. The proposed modification method gives improvement in dynamic range and reduction of linearity error. Additionally, our modification method shows suppression of response instability caused by optical intensity and frequency fluctuations. An atomic magnetometer with single-beam configuration is built to compare the performance between our proposed method and the conventional method. The results indicate that our method's magnetic field response signal achieves a 5-fold expansion of dynamic range from 2 nT to 10 nT, with the linearity error decreased from 5% to 1%. Under the fluctuations of 5% for optical intensity and ±15 GHz detuning of frequency, the proposed modification method maintains intensity-related instability < 1% and frequency-related instability < 8% while the conventional method suffers 15% and 38% respectively. Our method is promising for future high-sensitive and long-term stable optically pumped atomic sensors.

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Combined effect of pump-light intensity and modulation field on the performance of optically pumped magnetometers under zero-field parametric modulation

Cited by 41 publications

References 38 publications

Exceptional points in an optically pumped magnetometer

Exceptional points in an optically pumped magnetometer

Suppression of Quantum Sensor Noise using Kalman Filter for Improved Sensitivity of Single‐Beam Atomic Magnetometers

Dynamic range and linearity improvement for zero-field single-beam atomic magnetometer

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