Combined effects of pentachlorophenol and its byproduct hexachlorobenzene on endocrine and reproduction in zebrafish

Sun, Wen; Jia, Yali; Ding, Xisheng; Dai, Lili; Liu, Chunsheng; Wang, Jianghua; Zhao, Guangjun; Zhou, Hang; Yu, Lei

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.100

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, the endocrine disrupting effects of other chlorophenols (CPs) on testosterone and estradiol functions were identified by experimental and human studies. [18][19][20][21] Being a chlorinated phenol, it is logic for PCMX to induce the hormonal changes detected in the present work. Moreover, the present study noted that rats in the PCMX-exposed groups had significantly worse sperm count, motility and abnormal morphology when compared with control groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study

El-Naggar¹,

El-Zalabany²,

Shahin³

et al. 2022

JEP

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Background Chloroxylenol (para-chloro-meta-xylenol, PCMX) is claimed to be highly harmful both to humans and the environment. Toxic effects of PCMX on testicular functions are scarcely discussed in the literature. Aim of Study To study testicular toxic effects of PCMX on male Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods Forty animals were randomly distributed into three groups: negative control (G I), vehicle group (G II) and PCMX group (G III). PCMX group was subdivided into three subgroups: GIIIa: received PCMX 100 mg/kg, GIIIb: received PCMX 200 mg/kg and G IIIc: received PCMX 500 mg/kg. Hormonal assay included assessment of serum testosterone and estradiol levels. Histopathological examination of testicular tissue, analysis of cellular viability, necrosis and apoptosis in testicular tissue by flow cytometry, analysis of cellular DNA content and phases of cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry were also performed. Results Rats in the groups exposed to PCMX (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) had significantly lower estradiol and testosterone levels in comparison to control groups (G I and GII). Histopathological examination of testicular tissue of PCMX-exposed rats showed irregular crossly sectioned seminiferous tubules with their lumina containing scanty spermatids and spermatozoa. G IIIc animals showed eosinophilic proteinaceous material and vacuolated and necrotic interstitial cells of Leydig. Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower testicular tissue viability in comparison to control groups (G I and G II). Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase in comparison to control groups (G I and G II). Conclusion Rats exposed to PCMX had significant reduction in testosterone and estradiol levels with marked histopathological alterations affecting testicular tissues. These effects are dose-dependent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study

El-Naggar¹,

El-Zalabany²,

Shahin³

et al. 2022

JEP

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“…According to the findings of a study performed by Sun et al (2018), there are only three types of estrogen in human plasma (i.e., β-estradiol, estriol, and estrone) while β-estradiol is the major estrogen produced in the ovaries. Moreover, they found that the secretion of estrone is limited and it is mainly derived from the conversion of androgens secreted by ovarian theca cells and adrenal gland in peripheral tissues (47). Witorsch et al (2016) in their study found that estradiol is metabolized in the liver and converted to estrone and estriol which are excreted in the urine as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Pumpkin Seeds on Oogenesis Pathway, Liver, and Kidney of Female Rats : The Effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of pumpkin

Jahromi

jahromi²

2020

ircmj

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Background and Objectives: Pumpkin seed extract can be a good alternative to hormone replacement therapy since it is rich in phytoestrogens. In this regard, the present research aimed to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds on the oogenesis pathway, liver, and kidney of female rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 64 Wistar female rats (including 32 adults and 32 immature rats). The adult rats were randomly divided into three experimental and one control groups (n=8 per group). Moreover, the immature rats were allocated to groups in a similar manner. The experimental groups 1, 2, and 3 received a hydro-alcoholic extract of pumpkin seed in doses of 20, 50, 100 mg/kg, respectively, via intraperitoneal injection for 21 consecutive days. For the purposes of the study, blood samples were taken one day after the last injection to determine the serum levels of female hormones as well as renal and hepatic factors. The ovaries, livers, and kidneys of the rats were also separated for histological tests. Results: Based on the results, significant increases were observed in the bodyweight of all immature rats; estrogen levels in the adult experimental group 3 and immature experimental groups 2 and 3; progesterone and creatinine levels in the immature experimental group 3; aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, unstable angina (UA), and the renal diameter in the immature experimental groups 1 and 2; follicle-stimulating hormone in the adult experimental group 3 and the immature experimental groups 1 and 2; luteinizing hormone and Graafian follicles in the adult experimental group 3; and atretic follicles in the immature experimental group 1 and 3 (P<0.05). Moreover, significant decreases were observed in the alkaline phosphatase in the adult experimental group 3; total protein, UA, and renal diameter in the immature experimental group 3; diameters of proximal and distal tubule as well as Henle’s loop in all immature rats; diameter of glomerular in the immature experimental groups 1 and 2; diameter of the renal cortex, glomerular, and Bowman's capsule in the adult experimental groups 2 and 3; secondary follicles in the adult experimental group 1, immature experimental groups 1 and 3; and primitive and early follicles in all the adult rats, compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the pumpkin seeds provide the nutritional needs of the body at the onset of sexual maturity, prepare the body for sexual maturity, and regulate female sex hormones without having adverse effects on the hepatic tissues. However, it must be noted that its consumption at the onset of sexual maturity requires dosage determination and further studies.

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“…Cytochrome P450 aromatase ( cyp19a1 ) is a rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen synthesis that catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens. cyp19a1b is mainly expressed in brain tissue [ 41 ]. In the present study, cyp19a1b in the brain showed different trends in the MT-treated group, indicating a disruption of steroid homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 17α-Methyltestosterone on the Transcriptome and Sex Hormones in the Brain of Gobiocypris rarus

Liu

Chen

et al. 2023

IJMS

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17α-Methyltestosterone (MT), a synthetic environmental endocrine disruptor with androgenic effects, has been shown to disrupt the reproductive system and inhibit germ cell maturation in Gobiocypris rarus. To further investigate the regulation of gonadal development by MT through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, G. rarus were exposed to 0, 25, 50, and 100 ng/L of MT for 7, 14, and 21 days. We analyzed its biological indicators, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), gonadotropins, reproduction-related gene expression, and brain tissue transcriptome profiles. We found a significant decrease in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) in G. rarus males exposed to MT for 21 days compared to the control group. GnRH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, as well as the expressions of the gnrh3, gnrhr1, gnrhr3, fshβ, and cyp19a1b genes, were significantly reduced in the brains of both male and female fish when exposed to 100 ng/L MT for 14 days compared to the controls. Therefore, we further constructed four RNA-seq libraries from 100 ng/L MT-treated groups of male and female fish, obtaining 2412 and 2509 DEGs in male and female brain tissue, respectively. Three common pathways were observed to be affected in both sexes after exposure to MT, namely, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, focal adhesion, and cell adhesion molecules. Furthermore, we found that MT affected the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway through the upregulation of foxo3 and ccnd2, and the downregulation of pik3c3 and ccnd1. Therefore, we hypothesize that MT interferes with the levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, FSH, and LH) in G. rarus brains through the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway, and affects the expression of key genes in the hormone production pathway (gnrh3, gnrhr1 and cyp19a1b) to interfere with the stability of the HPG axis, thus leading to abnormal gonadal development. This study provides a multidimensional perspective on the damaging effects of MT on fish and confirms that G. rarus is a suitable model animal for aquatic toxicology.

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Combined effects of pentachlorophenol and its byproduct hexachlorobenzene on endocrine and reproduction in zebrafish

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study

Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study

Effects of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Pumpkin Seeds on Oogenesis Pathway, Liver, and Kidney of Female Rats : The Effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of pumpkin

Effects of 17α-Methyltestosterone on the Transcriptome and Sex Hormones in the Brain of Gobiocypris rarus

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