Combined effects of pH, hardness and dissolved organic carbon on acute metal toxicity to Daphnia magna

Temporal assessment of copper speciation, bioavailability and toxicity in UK freshwaters using chemical equilibrium and biotic ligand models: Implications for compliance with copper environmental quality standards

“…Especially, for DOC, it was demonstrated that it was a good predictor of acute Cu toxicity for D. magna and D. pulex and that it is one of the most important factors influencing Cu bioavailability. A number of studies have been carried out to investigate spatial and temporal variations of metal concentrations and the effects and interactions of specific water quality parameters on the toxicity and bioavailability specifically of copper (Gundersen and Steinnes, 2001;Park et al, 2009;Ryan et al, 2009;Bryan et al, 1999Bryan et al, , 2002. These earlier studies support the present results in terms of the identified relationships between water quality parameters and Cu speciation and bioavailability in the studied water environments.…”

Citrate coated silver nanoparticles change heavy metal toxicities and bioaccumulation of Daphnia magna

“…Hence, most c-AgNPs may have complexed with the hard cations. It is well known Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ reduce the uptake of cationic heavy metals by competing for biotic ligand sites (Erickson et al, 1994;Santore et al, 2001;Yim et al, 2006;Park et al, 2009). Consequently, the decrease in the concentrations of hard cations due to Ca/Mg-citrate-AgNP complexation reduces the competition between hard ions and Cd, which can increase the toxicity and bioaccumulation of Cd.…”

Natural water as the test medium for Ag and CuO nanoparticle hazard evaluation: An interlaboratory case study

“…Due to the complexity of natural media as speciation and toxicity determiner (Wood et al, 2011), studies in natural waters are suggested (Gunsolus et al, 2015;Park et al, 2014). In freshwater, toxicity mitigation for Ag (Cupi et al, 2015;Gao et al, 2009) and CuO NPs (Blinova et al, 2010;Kramer et al, 2004) is, similarly to Ag- (Karen et al, 1999) and Cu-ions (Park et al, 2009), often ascribed to the presence of organic ligands. Nevertheless, the physico-chemical properties of the NPs themselves are of equal importance in determining the fate and thus subsequent adverse effects of NPs to the aquatic biota (Angel et al, 2013;Blinova et al, 2013).…”