Combined Effects of Proton Radiation and Simulated Microgravity on the Cell Viability and ALP Activity of Murine Osteoblast Cells

Ma, Liqiu; Kong, Fuquan; Gong, Yihao; Wang, Qiaojuan; Liu, Jiancheng; Sui, Li

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.759236

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Stable proliferation between osteoblasts and osteoclasts maintains stable bone metabolism. Osteoblast mineralization plays an essential part in osteoporosis formation of osteoporosis, and ALP activity is very important in the bone formation of osteoblasts because ALP promotes the formation of mineralization matrix proteins of osteoblasts through the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate and inorganic phosphate [ 26 , 27 ]. This study showed that there were significant differences in serum ALP levels between the OVX group and the OVX+oleuropein group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Oleuropein in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Liu

Zhao

Huang

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Background. Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has a supernal morbidity rate in elderly females. Objective. To appraise the effects of oleuropein on bone densitometry, bone metabolic index, oxidative stress, and inflammatory index in PMOP. In addition, the mechanism of olive bittersweet preventing bone loss was explored. Methods. We grouped 80 salubrious female Sprague-Dawley rats into four teams: (1) sham operation team (sham, N = 20 ), (2) ovariectomy (OVX, N = 20 ), (3) castrated mice fed with oleuropein (OVX+ole, N = 20 ), and (4) castrated mice fed with estrogen (OVX+E2, N = 20 ). The ovariectomized SD rats were continuously raised with 200 μg/kg/dose of oleuropein. Bone mineral density and bone metabolism indexes were recorded. In order to assess the effectiveness of oleuropein on osteopenia, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was devoted to examining the bone marrow indexes. The bone metabolism standards of PMOP rats were appraised by assessing serum levels of calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphorus, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrate content by experimental detection methods and levels of osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OPG) and receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) by ELISA. The OPG-RANK-RANKL signal passage was examined by Western blot (WB). We measured bone mineral density using dual-energy X-rays. Results. Our animal experimental results indicated that oleuropein could significantly improve the bone mineral density of ovariectomized SD rats. In the meantime, it could reduce ending interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and phosphorus (P) serum concentration and would not affect Ca2+ concentration. In cell experiments, oleuropein also can promote the proliferation of osteoblasts. Furthermore, it can promote the expression of OPG protein and mRNA. In reverse, it inhibits the expression of RANKL protein and mRNA. Conclusion. Oleuropein can not only improve the inflammatory and oxidative indexes of castrated rats but also prevent osteoporosis. Oleuropein avoids bone resorption by regulating OPG/RANKL expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Oleuropein in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Liu

Zhao

Huang

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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“…[ 30 ] 3D clinostat was used to explore the effects of proton radiation combined with simulated microgravity on bone function. [ 31 ] However, there are some limitations to using clinostats for the simulation of microgravity. For example, the slow‐rotating clinostat is not suitable for culturing cells or other smaller objects, while the culture volume of FRC is small, so it cannot accommodate larger samples.…”

Section: Simulated‐microgravity Bioreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Microgravity Directed Tissue Engineering

Cui¹,

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Tissue engineering aims to generate functional biological substitutes to repair, sustain, improve, or replace tissue function affected by disease. With the rapid development of space science, the application of simulated microgravity has become an active topic in the field of tissue engineering. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that microgravity offers excellent advantages for tissue engineering by modulating cellular morphology, metabolism, secretion, proliferation, and stem cell differentiation. To date, there have been many achievements in constructing bioartificial spheroids, organoids, or tissue analogs with or without scaffolds in vitro under simulated microgravity conditions. Here, the current status, recent advances, challenges, and prospects of microgravity related to tissue engineering are reviewed. Current simulated‐microgravity devices and cutting‐edge advances of microgravity for biomaterials‐dependent or biomaterials‐independent tissue engineering to offer a reference for guiding further exploration of simulated microgravity strategies to produce engineered tissues are summarized and discussed.

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“…Metallic structures scatter the radiation, altering the radiation field and the dose (Kinhikar et al, 2014;Toivonen et al, 2019) at the target. To overcome this, studies have irradiated the samples first and then subjected them to simulated microgravity (Pani et al, 2016;Ma et al, 2021), but samples are not exposed to the two stressors at the same time with this protocol. Californium-252 has been used to expose samples rotating on the RPM (developed by Airbus), but dosimetry although performed was not positioned at the sample (Beck et al, 2014).…”

Section: D Clinostat Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an inexpensive 3D clinostat and comparison with other microgravity simulators using Mycobacterium marinum

Clary

France

Lind

et al. 2022

Front. Space Technol.

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2D and 3D Clinostats are used to simulate microgravity on Earth. These machines continuously alter the sample’s orientation, so the acceleration vector changes faster than the biological endpoint being monitored. Two commercially available microgravity simulators are the Rotary Cell Culture System (Synthecon Inc.), which is a 2D clinostat, and the RPM 2.0 (Yuri), which is a 3D clinostat that can operate as a random positioning machine or in constant frame velocity mode. We have developed an inexpensive 3D clinostat that can be 3D printed and assembled easily. To determine the optimal combination of inner (I) and outer (O) frame velocities to simulate microgravity, two factors were considered: the time-averaged magnitude and the distribution of the acceleration vector. A computer model was developed to predict the acceleration vector for combinations of frame velocities between 0.125 revolutions per minute (rpm) and 4 rpm, and a combination of I = 1.5 rpm and O = 3.875 rpm was predicted to produce the best microgravity simulation. Two other frame velocity combinations were also used in further tests: I = 0.75 rpm and O = 3.625 rpm, and I = 2 rpm and O = 1.125 rpm. By operating the RPM 2.0 in constant velocity mode at these three velocity combinations, the RPM 2.0 algorithm data confirmed that these operating conditions simulated microgravity. Mycobacterium marinum was selected for biological comparison experiments as this bacterium can grow as a biofilm or a planktonic culture. Biofilm experiments revealed that the RPM 2.0 and the 3D clinostat with I = 1.5 rpm and O = 3.825 rpm produced similar structures in attached biofilm, and similar changes in transcriptome for the bacteria in suspension compared to the normal gravity transcriptome. Operating the 3D clinostat at I = 2 rpm and O = 1.125 rpm, and the Synthecon 2D clinostat in simulated microgravity orientation at 25 rpm resulted in the same decreased planktonic growth and increased rifampicin survival compared to normal gravity. This study validates the inexpensive 3D clinostat and demonstrates the importance of testing the operating conditions of lab-developed clinostats with biological experiments.

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Combined Effects of Proton Radiation and Simulated Microgravity on the Cell Viability and ALP Activity of Murine Osteoblast Cells

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Oleuropein in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Oleuropein in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Advances in Microgravity Directed Tissue Engineering

Development of an inexpensive 3D clinostat and comparison with other microgravity simulators using Mycobacterium marinum

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