Combined effects of soy isoflavone and fish oil on ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice

Abstract

Both soy isoflavone and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to reduce the levels of bone-resorbing cytokines; however, the synergistic effects of these food ingredients have not been examined yet. This study was performed to elucidate the effect of concomitant intake of soy isoflavone and fish oil on bone mass in ovariectomized mice. Eight-week-old ddY female mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery, and then fed an AIN-93G with safflower oil (So) as a control lipid source, isoflavone-supplemented safflower oil (So + I), fish oil instead of safflower oil (Fo) or isoflavone-supplemented fish oil (Fo + I) for 4 weeks. Femoral bone mineral density was significantly decreased by OVX; however, this decrease was inhibited by the intake of isoflavone and/or fish oil. Histomorphometric analyses showed that bone volume and trabecular thickness in the distal femoral trabecular bone were significantly lower in the So group than in the sham group, but those were restored in the Fo + I groups. The number of osteoclasts was significantly decreased by isoflavone intake. The increased rate of bone resorption after OVX was inhibited by isoflavone and/or fish oil. The serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha was increased after OVX, but was significantly lower with the combination of isoflavone with fish oil than isoflavone or fish oil alone. The results of this study indicated that the intakes of soy isoflavone and/or fish oil might have ameliorating effects on bone loss due to OVX. Further, the concomitant intake of soy isoflavone and fish oil at a low dose showed better effects on cytokines related with bone resorption.

Supplementation with Fish Oil and Genistein, Individually or in Combination, Protects Bone against the Adverse Effects of Methotrexate Chemotherapy in Rats

“…Supplementation with fish oil and/or genistein conserves the bone and prevents MTX chemotherapy-induced bone loss by suppressing osteoclastogenesis and stimulating osteogenesis while concurrently inhibiting adipogenesis in bone marrow. No additive or synergistic protection was observed when fish oil and genistein were administered in combination in this current study, although two previous studies have shown that genistein and fish oil additively induced parameters of bone structure and increased bone mass synergistically in an ovariectomy-induced bone loss model [78], [79]. Despite this, the promising effects of fish oil and genistein, shown in the current study, suggest that their therapeutic potential in preventing MTX chemotherapy-induced bone loss warrants further evaluation.…”

The Bones of Children With Obesity

“…(151,152) Decrease inflammation (150) Promote osteoblastogenesis (151,152) Increase inflammation (150) Decrease osteoblastogenesis (151,152) Osteoclasts Promote osteoclastogenesis? (153,154) Increase BMD (155)(156)(157) Inhibit bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis (158,159) Promote osteoclastogenesis? (159)(160)(161) BMD, bone mineral density; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFAs, saturated fatty acids.…”

Fish oil suppresses bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis through decreased expression of M-CSF, PU.1, MITF and RANK in ovariectomized rats

“…In animals, dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA-rich oils, including fish oil, has been linked to improved maintenance of bone mass postovariectomy (8)(9)(10). In addition, endogenously produced n-3 PUFAs have been revealed to protect against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in fat-1 transgenic mice (11,12).…”