Combined effects of temperature and a pesticide on the Baltic amphipod Monoporeia affinis

Abstract

Effects of elevated temperature, in combination with exposure to the fungicide fenarimol, on reproduction in the deposit-feeding Baltic amphipod Monoporeia affinis were investigated. Previously, fenarimol was found to cause endocrine disruption in other crustacean species, via the ecdysteroid system. M. affinis were exposed to elevated temperature and/or fenarimol in soft-bottom microcosms during sexual maturation and mating. Elevated temperature and fenarimol (0.7 mg l -1 ) acted synergistically and increased the number of females with dead eggs, with a more than 4-fold incidence compared to exposure to one of the stressors (24 vs. < 5%). Exposure to both stressors also resulted in a negative intrinsic rate of increase, which might indicate a population decline in the field. Elevated temperature impaired sexual maturation in males and females, lowered the number of fertilised females, reduced fecundity and altered embryogenesis. Exposure to fenarimol resulted in a 40% decrease in ecdysteroid levels in sexually mature males and an increase in heat shock protein 60 expression. Ecdysteroid levels were not affected by temperature in either sex or stage of sexual maturation. Our results suggest that increase in the water temperature due to, e.g., global warming would impair reproduction and possibly increase the sensitivity of M. affinis to toxicants.

Climate change, agricultural insecticide exposure, and risk for freshwater communities

“…For instance, increases in temperature and soil moisture might enhance the volatility and accelerate the degradation of pesticides (Noyes et al 2009), which would lead to lower concentrations in streams. In addition, toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics can change with rising temperature (Noyes et al 2009) and result in altered and often increased levels of toxicity of contaminants for target and nontarget organisms (Jacobson et al 2008, Patra et al 2009). Such processes are relevant and their incorporation might increase the predictive power of future studies.…”

Sediment quality assessment using Gmelinoides fasciatus and Monoporeia affinis (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) in the northeastern Baltic Sea

“…Jacobson et al, 2008). A low water temperature during sediment toxieity testing increases the survival rate and adaptation of M affinis to experimental conditions.…”

Potensi dampak pemanasan global terhadap reproduksi crustacea: suatu tinjauan kepustakaan ringkas

“…Peningkatan suhu dapat meningkatkan kerentanan crustacea dalam kontaminan pestisida. Hal ini dikarenakan dengan adanya peningkatan suhu, dapat meningkatkan metabolisme dan konsumsi oksigen sehingga air yang telah terkontaminasi polutan termasuk dalam hal ini adalah pestisida dapat mudah masuk ke dalam tubuh organisme melalui proses respirasi (Jacobson et al, 2008). Peningkatan penggunaan pestisida yang berlebih dalam dekade terakhir ini memberikan pengaruh terhadap efek toksikologi dan lingkungan.…”

“…Fenarimol biasanya dihasilkan dari kegiatan hortikultura dan kegiatan pertanian buah, sayur dan gandum. Peningkatan pencemaran dari fenarimol (α-(2-chlorophenyl)-β-(4-chlorophenil)-5pyrimidinemethanol) yang masuk ke perairan memberikan dampak negatif terhadap organisme perairan Jacobson et al (2008) melaporkan bahwa fenarimol dapat merusak sintesis ecdysteroid pada arthropoda. Kontaminasi fenarimol yang masuk ke dalam sistem fisiologis organisme diketahui dapat menghalangi sitokrom enzim dan didudaga dapat mengganggu sintesis ecdysone.…”