Combined Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles for Effective Periodontal Biofilm Eradication in Rat Model

Abstract

Introduction The critical challenge for periodontitis therapy is thoroughly eliminating the dental plaque biofilm, particularly penetrating the deep periodontal tissue. Regular therapeutic strategies are insufficient to penetrate the plaque without disturbing the commensal microflora of the oral cavity. Here, we constructed a Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticle loading minocycline (FPM NPs) to penetrate the biofilm physically and effectively eliminate periodontal biofilm. Methods In order to penetrate and remove the biofilm effectively, Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles were modified with minocycline using a co-precipitation method. The particle size and dispersion of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The antibacterial effects were examined to verify the magnetic targeting of FPM NPs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was employed to check the effect of FPM + MF and develop the best FPM NPs treatment strategy. Additionally, the therapeutic effect of FPM NPs was investigated in periodontitis rat models. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in periodontal tissues was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results The multifunctional nanoparticles exhibited intense anti-biofilm activity and good biocompatibility. The magnetic forces could pull FMP NPs against the biofilm mass and kill bacteria deep in the biofilms both in vivo and in vitro. The integrity of the bacterial biofilm is disrupted under the motivation of the magnetic field, allowing for improved drug penetration and antibacterial performance. The periodontal inflammation recovered well after FPM NPs treatment in rat models. Furthermore, FPM NPs could be monitored in real-time and have magnetic targeting potentials. Conclusion FPM NPs exhibit good chemical stability and biocompatibility. The novel nanoparticle presents a new approach for treating periodontitis and provides experimental support for using magnetic-targeted nanoparticles in clinic applications.

Iron oxide nanoparticles for treatment and diagnosis of chronic inflammatory diseases: A systematic review

“…In fact, 14 out of 23 diagnostic studies were conducted using ultrasmall SPIONs. The hydrodynamic sizes of SPIONs and ultrasmall SPIONs were less than 100 nm in aqueous suspension, with the exception of two studies (Tong et al, 2023; Vu et al, 2021), where the authors reported sizes larger than 200 nm.…”

“…The disease is characterized by a thick plaque buildup and the presence of resistant bacterial biofilm. Tong et al introduced dopamine‐coated SPIONs loaded with minocycline (an antibiotic drug) to combat periodontitis (Tong et al, 2023) (Table 3). These multifunctional nanoparticles displayed potent anti‐biofilm activity, biocompatibility, and magnetic targeting, allowing them to disrupt biofilm integrity and enhance drug penetration.…”

Nanomedicine against biofilm infections: A roadmap of challenges and limitations

“…Here, we have selected as an example some works of nanomedicines against biofilm infections using robust biofilm models and set ups: Tong et al used Fe 3 O 4 magnetic NPs as antibiofilm agents against periodontal bacterial biofilms and enhanced the penetration efficacy through magnetic targeting in an in vivo bacterial-induced periodontal inflammation model in rats (Tong et al, 2023). On the other hand, Fang et al employed cationic liposomes with enzymes (DNase I and Proteinase K) to disassemble Cutibacterium acnes biofilms in a cutaneous and catheter mouse model (Fang et al, 2021).…”