Combined Firm and Renewable Distributed Generation and Reactive Power Planning

Abstract

The benefits of integrating Distributed Generation (DG) into the distribution networks depend on the characteristics of different types of DG units, loads and Reactive Power Sources (RPS). These benefits can be optimized if the firm DG units such as biomass energy and renewable DG units such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind system are optimally sized, located and coordinated with reactive power sources. In this paper, by assuming that the Distribution System Operator (DSO) has got the ownership and operation of DG units and RPS, a new planning strategy is proposed for determining the optimal placement and rating of DG units and RPS. This strategy overcomes the challenge of intermittency of renewable production in order that this planning will assist the system operators in defining the better integration strategies of firm and intermittent energy systems and reactive power sources in distribution networks. The proposed planning is based on single objective optimization so that it optimizes one of the following objective functions every time: the system energy losses, voltage stability margin, self-adequacy of microgrids defined on the distribution system and exchange of active and reactive powers between the distribution system and upstream network. The proposed technique accounts for the uncertainties associated with solar irradiance, wind speed and demand through a probabilistic optimization. The formulation of each planning problem is presented and applied to the 69-bus distribution system. The results of different planning strategies are compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the impact of the planning with each objective function on other indices is evaluated.

Five Level H-Bridge Configuration Based Microgrid with Sugeno Fuzzy Controller for New Energy Generation from Renewable Systems

“…The authors in Ref [15] created a smart method for energy organization of a PV, battery and wind based DC microgrid; however, the authors do not consider fuel cells or electrolyzers, and the system is not an AC microgrid. In Ref [16], authors offered a system for reactive power flow planning in a hybrid system based on renewable energy sources; nevertheless, the system is deficient in a fuel cell and an electrolyzer. The TSK-fuzzy controller could not be taken into consideration by the authors in [9]- [16] for quick response, and many of the articles did not use multilevel inverters to improve the voltage profile.…”

“…In Ref [16], authors offered a system for reactive power flow planning in a hybrid system based on renewable energy sources; nevertheless, the system is deficient in a fuel cell and an electrolyzer. The TSK-fuzzy controller could not be taken into consideration by the authors in [9]- [16] for quick response, and many of the articles did not use multilevel inverters to improve the voltage profile.…”

Integral Power Theory and Active Filtering Using the α-β Reference Frame

“…New ideas and realities of electric energy generation, transmission, and distribution such as distributed generation (DG) and reactive power control, generate new requirements for active filtering strategies. SAFs are relied on to generate a given amount of reactive power to stabilize the voltage in transmission lines and increase the overall stability of distributed generation grids [23][24][25]. The main idea of distributed active filtering is to compensate for all microgrid current inactive components, mainly with embedded semiconductor converters of DG supplies.…”

Characteristics of Various Single Wind-Power Distributed Generation Placements for Voltage Drop Improvement in a 22 kV Distribution System

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that the presence of a DG system in the network has several advantages for distribution systems [13], such as an improvement in voltage stability [14], power quality [15,16], power loss reduction [17][18][19], and reactive power compensation [20]. In terms of system reliability, research has shown that optimal DG placement can improve the System Average Interruption Frequency Index and the System Average Interruption Duration Index in a distribution system [21].…”