Combined Load Failure Criterion for Rock Bolts in Hard Rock Mines

Pinazzi, P. C.; Spearing, A.J.S.; Jessu, Kashi Vishwanath; Singh, P.; Hawker, Robert

doi:10.1007/s42461-020-00289-4

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Zhang 5 analyzed the mechanical characteristics and load effect of tunnel’s surrounding rock; established the structural mechanical model of deep and shallow surrounding rock; and proposed the perspective that tunnel bolt supports have the basic function of mobilizing and assisting the bearing of surrounding rock. Pinazzi 6 proposed the failure criterion of bolts under a combined load, which provides guidance for the design of bolt bearing capacity. Sun 7 proposed a method for determining tunnel anchorage parameters based on the synergy of anchorage systems, which provides a theoretical basis for the quantitative design of anchorage systems in tunnel and underground engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary support optimization of large-span and shallow buried hard rock tunnels based on the active support concept

Liu

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Considering the large-span underground excavation subway station of Qingdao Metro Line 6 of China for analysis, it is necessary to optimize the traditional support system by investigating relevant codes and other tunnel projects. Based on the active support concept, a high prestressed rock bolt support system is proposed, and the optimization direction is defined to apply a high prestress force to rock bolts, increasing the appropriate spacing between supporting arches and strengthening support at key parts such as the large arch foot area, sidewalls and junctions. Numerical calculations and field monitoring are performed to analyze and evaluate the new support system. Numerical simulation results show that the new support system can effectively improve the stress state of the surrounding rock; the tensile stress area markedly decreases in size or disappears; and the plastic area also decreases in size. Field monitoring results show that the settlement of the arch crown is concentrated at 2–5 mm and the deformation rates are less than 0.5 mm/day. The supporting arches, shotcrete and rock bolts are all less than the yield strength and a high safety reserve. These results verify the safety and rationality of the proposed support system, which can be used as a reference for similar projects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary support optimization of large-span and shallow buried hard rock tunnels based on the active support concept

Liu

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The studies on the mechanical behavior and energy evolution of single hard and soft rocks have been extensively reported (Asem, 2019;Sengani, 2020;Pinazzi et al, 2021). Chen et al (2021) studied the effect of stress paths on the failure mechanism and progressive damage of hard-brittle rock, their results shown that an increase in the confining pressure was beneficial to improve the mechanical parameters of rock, but it reduced the brittle failure features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of loading rate on the mechanical behavior and energy evolution characteristics of hard and soft rock under triaxial compression

Deng¹,

Chen²,

Wu³

2022

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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To investigate the influence of loading rate and confining pressure on the mechanical behavior and energy evolution characteristics of hard and soft rock, high strength sandstone and low strength granite were subjected to triaxial compression tests with different loading rates. The results show that significant differences exist in the stress-strain curves for sandstone and granite. The confining pressure has a significant effect on the stress-strain curve, while the loading rate has a smaller effect on the stress-strain curve. As the confining pressure increases, the peak axial strain, peak axial stress, total energy, elastic energy and dissipated energy of sandstone and granite increase, the proportion of dissipated energy to total energy of sandstone and the proportion of elastic energy to total energy of granite are reduced. As the loading rate goes up, the peak axial stress, total energy and elastic energy increase in both sandstone and granite. The ultimate failure pattern of sandstone is a typical single inclined plane shear failure, while the ultimate failure pattern of granite consists of a single inclined plane shear failure and a vertical split failure. The loading rate has no significant effect on the macroscopic failure pattern, the elastic and dissipated energies are proportional to the total energy of sandstone and granite.

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State-of-the-art on the anchorage performance of rock bolts subjected to shear load

Chen,

Xiao

2024

Int J Coal Sci Technol

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Rock bolts are extensively utilized in underground engineering as a means of offering support and stability to rock masses in tunnels, mines, and other underground structures. In environments of high ground stress, faults or weak zones can frequently arise in rock formations, presenting a significant challenge for engineering and potentially leading to underground engineering collapse. Rock bolts serve as a crucial structural element for the transmission of tensile stress and are capable of withstanding shear loads to prevent sliding of weak zones within rock mass. Therefore, a complete understanding of the behavior of rock bolts subjected to shear loads is essential. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the research progress of rock bolts subjected to shear load in three categories: experiment, numerical simulation, and analytical model. The review focuses on the research studies and developments in this area since the 1970s, providing a comprehensive overview of numerous factors that influence the anchorage performance of rock bolts. These factors include the diameter and angle of the rock bolt installation, rock strength, grouting material, bolt material, borehole diameter, rock bolt preload, normal stress, joint surface roughness and joint expansion angle. The paper reviews the improvement of mechanical parameter setting in numerical simulation of rock bolt shear. Furthermore, it delves into the optimization of the analytical model concerning rock bolt shear theory, approached from the perspectives of both Elastic foundation beam theory coupled with Elastoplasticity theory and Structural mechanic methods. The significance of this review lies in its ability to provide insights into the mechanical behavior of rock bolts. The paper also highlights the limitations of current research and guidelines for further research of rock bolts.

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Combined Load Failure Criterion for Rock Bolts in Hard Rock Mines

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Primary support optimization of large-span and shallow buried hard rock tunnels based on the active support concept

Primary support optimization of large-span and shallow buried hard rock tunnels based on the active support concept

The influence of loading rate on the mechanical behavior and energy evolution characteristics of hard and soft rock under triaxial compression

State-of-the-art on the anchorage performance of rock bolts subjected to shear load

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