Combined modality therapy with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy in limited small-cell carcinoma of the lung: a Phase III cancer and Leukemia Group B Study.

Maurer, L. Herbert; Pajak, Thomas F.; Eaton, Walter L.; Comis, Robert L.; Chahinian, P; Faulkner, Charles S.; Silberfarb, Peter M.; Henderson, E; Rege, Vishram B.; Baldwin, Paige

doi:10.1200/jco.1985.3.7.969

Cited by 41 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…15 Excitement about nonspecific agents was tempered, however, by a randomized study of BCG as adjuvant therapy for SCLC demonstrating no impact on overall survival. 16 In addition, a study of preoperative intra-tumoral injection of BCG found no impact on disease-free or overall survival, 17 however, both of these randomized trials were underpowered to detect small differences. The role of BCG in lung cancer immunotherapy is now primarily as an adjuvant immune stimulant with autologous tumor or antigen-specific vaccine strategies.…”

Section: Early Studies Of Immunotherapy For Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 BEC2-BCG, a vaccine that induces anti-ganglioside GD3 antibodies, was tested in SCLC patients after chemotherapy or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. 16 In a large randomized international phase III trial, this agent provided no survival benefit. 32 Polysialic acid, a long polymer of negatively charged sialic acid residues that binds to a neural cell adhesion molecule, has been found on the surface of SCLC tumor cells.…”

Section: Antigen-specific Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lung Cancer Immunotherapy

Raez¹,

Fein²,

Podack³

2005

Clinical Medicine & Research

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Section: Early Studies Of Immunotherapy For Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antigen-specific Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Cancer Immunotherapy

Raez¹,

Fein²,

Podack³

2005

Clinical Medicine & Research

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“…Three trials described in this section used control arms based on the CMC protocol. Maurer et al [ 17] compared continuous MACC therapy to alternation of CCV and AV. Thus, methotrexate was omitted in the alternating treatment arm and no new drug was added.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternating Chemotherapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Wolf

Havemann²

1990

Oncol Res Treat

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Based on the hypothesis of Goldie and Coldman, rapid cyclic alternating chemotherapy has been supposed to be a favorable treatment modality in small cell lung cancer. This approach has been tested in a large series of trials since the late 70’s. A few trials performed randomization between alternating and continuous treatment after a period of initial common continuous therapy. The results of these studies are controversial and their interpretation is complicated by the effects of the continuous pretreatment. Recently, most trials were designed as 2-arm approaches with a comparison of continuous standard therapy based on the CAV- or CMC-protocol with an alternating schedule often consisting of the CAV- or CMC-derived combinations and a second regimen including cisplatinum and/or etoposide. In these trials the addition of the second regimen in the alternating treatment arms has improved the treatment results. However, these trials could not clarify whether this advantage was due to the concept of alternating treatment or to the high activity of new drugs given early in the course of therapy in the alternating treatment arms. To ameliorate this weakness, 3 studies were designed as 3-arms approaches using both alternating protocols as continuous control arms. Whereas one investigation noticed an advantage of the alternating schedule, the two others observed no difference. These studies did not report their criteria for shifting non-responding patients from continuous treatment to second line therapy. The longer these patients stayed on the continuous protocol the more the study design favoured the alternating therapy. We considered this point of criticism in a German multicenter study comparing a fixed cyclic alternating treatment with IE and CAV to a response orientated protocol with IE therapy up to the maximum response and subsequently a immediate switch to CAV. The study showed no advantage of the alternating treatment arm indicating that cyclic alternating therapy is not superior to an optimal performed continuous therapy in small cell lung cancer.

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“…To judge from the trials until now it is clear that the appropriate patients for treatment are those who have minimal residual disease. It is furthermore clear that immunotherapy is not without toxic side effects (88,89) and finally also that the regrettable fact is that improvement of parameters, such as median survival, has not been accompanied by detectable changes in immune parameters. Monitoring of immunotherapy has proved to be very difficult.…”

Section: Miscellaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%