Combined Oral Contraceptives and Sexual Function in Women—a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Zethraeus, Niklas; Dreber, Anna; Ranehill, Eva; Blomberg, Liselott; Labrie, Fernand; Schoultz, Bo von; Johannesson, Magnus; Hirschberg, Angelica Lindén

doi:10.1210/jc.2016-2032

Cited by 69 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In a recent paper based on the same clinical trial as here, we found evidence of negative effects of this OC on general well-being (Zethraeus et al 2017), and on sexual well-being for some of our secondary outcome measures but not our primary outcome measure (Zethraeus et al 2016). Thus, even though this OC does not appear to affect economic preferences, there is evidence of other effects of this OC using the same setup as here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Hormonal Contraceptives Do Not Impact Economic Preferences: Evidence from a Randomized Trial

et al. 2018

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Abstract. A growing body of correlational studies suggests that sex hormones such as those contained in, or affected by, oral contraceptives (OCs) may impact economic behavior. However, despite widespread use of OCs among women in Western countries, little is known about their potential behavioral effects. The present study investigates whether OCs causally influence economic preferences. We randomly allocate 340 women aged 18-35 to three months of a widely used OC or placebo treatment. At the end of treatment, we conduct an economic experiment measuring altruism, financial risk taking, and willingness to compete. The statistical power is 80% to detect an effect size equal to a Cohen's d of 0.30 at the 5% level. We find no significant effects of OCs on any of the measured preferences, indicating that this widely used OC treatment, commonly used throughout the world, does not significantly affect the measured economic preferences. Further, we find no relation between menstrual cycle phase and economic preferences in the placebo group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Hormonal Contraceptives Do Not Impact Economic Preferences: Evidence from a Randomized Trial

et al. 2018

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“…This is a sub‐study of a large randomized placebo controlled study including 340 healthy women, 18 to 35 years of age, body mass index 19–30, with regular menstrual cycles (25–33 days) . One hundred sixty‐nine women were assigned to three months’ treatment with combined monophasic oral contraceptive (OC) Neovletta ® , a Bayer Schering Pharma containing 150 μg of levonorgestrel and 30 μg of ethinylestradiol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific gravity was measured using a Digital Urine SG Refractometer (ATAGO UG1, Tokyo, Japan) to adjust for different urine dilutions. Serum steroid analyses of testosterone and gonadotropins (FSH and LH) have previously been determined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and fluorescence immunoassays, respectively …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a sub-study of a large randomized placebo controlled study including 340 healthy women, 18 to 35 years of age, body mass index 19-30, with regular menstrual cycles (25-33 days). 11 One hundred sixty-nine women were assigned to three months' treatment with combined monophasic oral contraceptive (OC) Neovletta ® , a Bayer Schering Pharma containing 150 μg of levonorgestrel and 30 μg of ethinylestradiol. Blood and urine samples were collected in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (cycle days 1-7) before start of treatment, and final data collection was performed at the end of the third treatment cycle.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum steroid analyses of testosterone and gonadotropins (FSH and LH) have previously been determined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and fluorescence immunoassays, respectively. 11…”

Section: Steroid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of hormonal contraceptives on urinary steroid profile in relation to serum hormone changes and CYP17A1 polymorphism

Ekström

Knutsson

Mullen

et al. 2019

Drug Testing and Analysis

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To detect doping with endogenous steroids, six urinary steroids are longitudinally monitored in the athlete biological passport (ABP). These steroids include testosterone, etiocholanolone, androsterone, 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol, 5β‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol, and the testosterone isomer epitestosterone. It is known that the intake of hormonal contraceptives may interfere with the ABP biomarkers. A previous study showed that athletes using hormonal contraceptives (HCs) display lower urinary epitestosterone concentrations than non‐using athletes. In this study, we analyzed the urinary steroid profile prior to and three months after administration of an oral HC including levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol (n = 55). The urinary concentrations of all the ABP metabolites decreased after three months, with epitestosterone showing the largest decline (median 6.78 to 3.04 ng/mL, p˂0.0001) followed by 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol (median 23.5 to 12.83 ng/mL, p˂0.0001), and testosterone (median 5.32 to 3.66, p˂0.0001). Epitestosterone is included in two of the five ratios in the ABP (T/E and 5αAdiol/E), and consequently these ratios increased 1.7‐fold (range 0.27 to 8.50) and 1.26‐fold (range 0.14 to 5.91), respectively. Some of these changes may mimic the changes seen after administration of endogenous steroids leading to atypical findings. Notably, even though participants used the same contraceptive treatment schedule, the HC‐mediated epitestosterone change varied to a large extent (median 0.43‐fold, range 0.06 to 6.5) and were associated with a functional T˃C promoter polymorphism in CYP17A1. Moreover, the epitestosterone changes correlated with HC‐induced testosterone and gonadotropins changes in serum, indicating that urinary epitestosterone reflects the androgen load in HC‐using women.

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Pathophysiology and Medical Management of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Clayton¹,

Vignozzi²

2018

Textbook of Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction

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Combined Oral Contraceptives and Sexual Function in Women—a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Abstract: This study shows no negative impact of a levonorgestrel-containing oral contraceptive on overall sexual function, although three of seven sexual function domains were adversely affected.

Cited by 69 publications

References 31 publications

Hormonal Contraceptives Do Not Impact Economic Preferences: Evidence from a Randomized Trial

Hormonal Contraceptives Do Not Impact Economic Preferences: Evidence from a Randomized Trial

Impact of hormonal contraceptives on urinary steroid profile in relation to serum hormone changes and CYP17A1 polymorphism

Pathophysiology and Medical Management of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

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