1977
DOI: 10.1016/0044-8486(77)90029-1
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Combined production of fish and plants in recirculating water

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Cited by 116 publications
(64 citation statements)
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“…Naegel 1977;Sneed et al 1975). Aquaponic food production is highly efficient, because it re-uses the nutrients contained in fish feed and fish feces to grow the crop plants in an ecological cycle (Love et al 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Naegel 1977;Sneed et al 1975). Aquaponic food production is highly efficient, because it re-uses the nutrients contained in fish feed and fish feces to grow the crop plants in an ecological cycle (Love et al 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Vegetables are candidate plants for use in recirculating hydroponic systems as they grow rapidly in response to the high levels of nutrients in aquaculture water. Different species of vegetables such as ice-lettuce, tomatoes, leaf lettuce, and basil have been successfully grown in aquaculture wastewater (Naegel, 1977;Quillere et al, 1995;McMurtry et al, 1997;Rakocy et al, 2006). Now, there is a strong need for establishing a technology which allows for the efficient cultivation of these food groups while conserving freshwater and land resources.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A major challenge for RASs is the accumulation of nitrogen compounds, which are potentially toxic to fish. A number of investigators experimented with the soilless culture of plants as a fish waste treatment solution for the removal of nitrogen compounds, marking the beginning of aquaponics as we recognize it today [248][249][250][251][252][253]. Since this research was conducted, engineers have developed biofilters that do not rely on plants, however, aquaponic systems improve water quality while producing an additional, potentially profitable crop, distinguishing it from other forms of RAS [91,220].…”
Section: Aquaponicsmentioning
confidence: 99%