2016
DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1127910
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Combined progesterone (IM + V) versus vaginal progesterone for luteal support in cleavage-stage embryo transfer cycles of good prognosis patients

Abstract: Many reports led to the consensus on the use of progesterone (P) for luteal-phase support. Vaginal P application is the method of choice due to its simplicity and high patient convenience but is hampered by application difficulties and personal or cultural aversions. Inappropriate vaginal P use may alter successful implantation, leading physicians to consider alternate P application routes. A worldwide survey revealed that intramuscular plus vaginal P (combined P) is the method used in nearly one-third of in v… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…(2) tamoxifen, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM); (3) human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG), which contains follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone; (4) human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG); (5) gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-AG); (6) gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-A); (7) purified FSH; (8) growth hormone; (9) insulin-like growth factor (IGF); (10) progesterone; and (11) letrozole, which is a thirdgeneration aromatase inhibitor (Demir 2016;Du y 2010;Pabuccu 2016). These hormones are used either alone or in combination depending on the cause of infertility and the protocol used.…”
Section: Description Of the Interventionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…(2) tamoxifen, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM); (3) human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG), which contains follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone; (4) human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG); (5) gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-AG); (6) gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-A); (7) purified FSH; (8) growth hormone; (9) insulin-like growth factor (IGF); (10) progesterone; and (11) letrozole, which is a thirdgeneration aromatase inhibitor (Demir 2016;Du y 2010;Pabuccu 2016). These hormones are used either alone or in combination depending on the cause of infertility and the protocol used.…”
Section: Description Of the Interventionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During assisted reproduction, levels of progesterone, HCG, or both are low; therefore the natural process may be insu icient to ensure good production of progesterone. This problem is overcome by the use of progesterone, HCG, or GnRH agonists (Demir 2016;Pabuccu 2016; Van der Linden 2011).…”
Section: How the Intervention Might Workmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Intramuscular P generally results in higher serum P levels than vagi-nal P [3][4][5]. In fresh IVF-ET cycles, the serum P level during the mid-luteal phase has been reported to be 94.3 ± 8.8 ng/mL when intramuscular (P 100 mg) was administered and 57.7 ± 7.4 ng/mL when a vaginal 8% progesterone gel was used (p< 0.01) [10].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Administration of P, which is now the main method of luteal support, can be done by intramuscular, subcutaneous, vaginal, and oral routes. The intramuscular route generally results in a higher serum P level than the vaginal route, but serum P levels may not reflect actual P levels in the endometrial tissue [3][4][5]. Intramuscular P administration can frequently cause pain and, in rare cases, abscess formation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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