Combined radiation and chemotherapy for advanced undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children

Radiation and chemotherapy combination for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children: Radiotherapy dose adaptation after chemotherapy response to minimize late effects

“…Twenty children were referred from Africa to our institution for therapy. Median age at diagnosis was 12.5 years 8–16. Gender was predominantly male with a sex ratio of 3.25.…”

High‐dose‐rate brachytherapy as part of a multidisciplinary treatment of nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma in childhood

“…29 -34 However, more recent publications have shown reasonable local and distant disease control rates in adults and children. 24,25,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] There are no randomized trials in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood; however, it is interesting to consider three prospective trials: Gasparini et al 37 treated 12 children with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma with preradiation chemotherapy and achieved a 75% actuarial 3-year continuous recurrence-free survival rate. Ghim et al 42 reported on a 20-year experience treating children with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.…”

“…However, such high doses may cause significant long-term complications. 15,40 To minimize the radiation dose to normal tissues, high-dose-rate brachytherapy is a good option to increase radiation to the nasopharynx, although to our knowledge it remains an unexplored method. Only four articles published in the literature to date have reported on boost doses to the nasopharynx with brachytherapy in childhood, and only a few patients from the reported series underwent this procedure.…”

Locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence: Analysis of 95 patients treated with combined chemotherapy and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy

“…After 2D‐RT and combined chemotherapy, the outcome for patients with pediatric and adolescent NPC was less than satisfactory. The overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) rate of patients treated by 2D‐RT with or without chemotherapy was reported to be 49% to 80% and 47% to 69%, respectively, the locoregional relapse‐free survival rate was estimated to be 80%, with an incidence of late sequelae of 65% to 85% …”