Combined Sewer Overflow pretreatment with chemical coagulation and a particle settler for improved peracetic acid disinfection

Chhetri, Ravi Kumar; Bonnerup, Arne; Andersen, Henrik Rasmus

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2016.03.049

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The USEPA lists PAA as one of the potential alternative disinfectants to be used for the treatment of CSO [134]. The disinfection efficiency and decomposition kinetics of PAA (at 2-10 mg/L, a contact time of 60 mins) could be clearly improved with the pre-treatment of CSO by hydrocyclone and coagulation before PAA disinfection [135]. However, in a recent comparison study, PFA required a significantly shorter contact time than PAA: 20 and 360 mins, respectively, when a similar dose (2-5 mg/L) was used [136].…”

Section: Combined Sewer Overflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peracids in water treatment: A critical review

Luukkonen

Pehkonen

2016

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

271

122

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Peracids have gained interest in the water treatment over the last few decades. Peracetic acid (CH 3 CO 3 H) has already become an accepted alternative disinfectant in wastewater disinfection whereas performic acid (CHO 3 H) has been studied much less, although it is also already commercially available. Peracids have also been tested for drinking water disinfection, oxidation of aqueous (micro)pollutants, sludge treatment and ballast water treatment, to name just a few examples. The purpose of this review paper is to represent comprehensive up-to-date information about the water treatment applications, aqueous reaction mechanisms, and disinfection byproduct formation of peracids, namely performic, peracetic and perpropionic acids. and PFA have several of the qualities of an ideal disinfectant: toxicity to microorganisms, but not to higher forms of life; effectivity at ambient temperatures; stability and long shelf-life; low corrosivity; deodorizing ability; widespread availability and reasonable cost [12].PAA and PFA are colorless liquids with characteristic pungent odors. Both are thermodynamically unstable and can decompose spontaneously or explode when highly concentrated, heated, under mechanical stress or exposed to catalytic effects of impurities [1,13,14]. The recommended storage temperatures are below 30 and 20°C for PAA and PFA, respectively [6,14]. Longer carbon chain length increases stability, and thus PAA is more stable than PFA [1]. However, the O-O bond dissociation energy of PFA and PAA has been calculated to be similar: 48 kcal/mol [15]. Percarboxylic acids have typically pK a values 3-4 units higher than the parent carboxylic acids [1]. Nonetheless, PFA and PAA are corrosive [16]. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3Exposure to PAA and PFA causes irritation and possibly permanent damage to the skin (cutaneous emphysema), eyes and the respiratory system. In the skin contact, 0.2% is proposed as the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) for short and medium length exposure [17].When inhaled, airborne concentrations less than 0.16-0.17 ppm (0.50-0.52 mg/m 3 ) are considered to cause no irritation [17,18]. However, higher concentrations are harmful and a case study suggested that PAA could cause occupational asthma [19].The largest users of PAA on a global scale (estimated in 2013) are shown in Fig. 1. Similar numbers are not available for PFA, but it is probably used at significantly lower quantities.The largest user, the food industry, applies PAA as a disinfectant in fresh produce washing water, clean-in-place (CIP) processes, on food processing equipment, and in pasteurizers, to name just a few examples [21,22]. PFA is also a suitable disinfectant in low-temperature refrigerated food processing and storage rooms [23]. In healthcare, PAA is used for instance in Recently, methods to determine the residual PAA from wastewater were compared: the spectrophotometric method using DPD and catalase was recommended for 0.1-0.5 mg/L PAA concentrations and the cerimetric/iodometric titration...

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Section: Combined Sewer Overflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peracids in water treatment: A critical review

Luukkonen

Pehkonen

2016

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

271

122

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“…To address the initial consumption of PAA, a modified first order kinetics expression was applied (Antonelli et al, 2006;Chhetri et al, 2016;Falsanisi et al, 2006) to model the concentration profile of PAA in wastewater effluents, including a parameter describing initial oxidant consumption as described by Haas and Finch (Haas and Finch, 2001): Rapid degradation of PAA was observed in the wastewater pretreated by PAX XL 100 and almost all PAA was degraded within 60 min except for the highest dose of 12 mg/L PAA. We previously observed rapid degradation of PAA in combined sewer overflow, however, only when it was not pretreated with PAX XL 100 (Chhetri et al, 2016). High initial consumption and faster degradation of PAA was observed in the current study and this might be due to the reaction of PAA with organic matter in the coagulated wastewater.…”

Section: Concentration Profile Of Paamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the observed concentration of heterotrophic bacteria was 10 7.1 CFU /mL after disinfection with 2 mg/L PAA due to the rapid consumption of PAA in the coagulated wastewater (Figure 3). PAA showed promising results for removal of heterotrophic bacteria from coagulated wastewater compare to the removal of Enterococcus (2.2 log) from PAX XL 100 pre-treated combined sewer overflows (diluted wastewater by rain water) disinfected by 6 mg/L PAA at 60 min of contact time (Chhetri et al, 2016).…”

Section: Disinfection Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ozone is a very efficient disinfectant; however, the sophisticated technology to generate ozone makes it unsuitable for disinfection of wastewater in the Arctic region. Organic peroxide, peracetic acid (PAA) is a strong disinfectant with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, which was introduced to wastewater treatment approximately 30 years ago (Antonelli et al, 2006;Baldry, 1983;Falsanisi et al, 2006;Kitis, 2004;Koivunen and Heinonen-Tanski, 2005;Luukkonen et al, 2015) and recently it has been used to disinfect combined sewer overflows (Chhetri et al, 2016(Chhetri et al, , 2014. Commercial PAA is available as an acidic quaternary equilibrium mixture of PAA, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, and water:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of Arctic wastewater by chemical coagulation, UV and peracetic acid disinfection

Chhetri

Klupsch

Andersen

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Abstract:Conventional wastewater treatment is challenging in the Arctic region due to the cold climate and scattered population. Thus, no wastewater treatment plant exists in Greenland and raw wastewater is discharged directly to nearby waterbodies without treatment. We investigated the efficiency of physicochemical wastewater treatment, in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland. Raw wastewater from Kangerlussuaq was treated by chemical coagulation and UV disinfection. By applying 7.5 mg Al/L polyaluminium chloride (PAX XL100), 73% of turbidity and 28% phosphate was removed from raw wastewater. E. coli and Enterococcus were removed by 4 and 2.5 log, respectively, when UV irradiation of 0.70 kWh/m 3 was applied to coagulated wastewater. Furthermore, coagulated raw wastewater in Denmark, which has a chemical quality similar to Greenlandic wastewater, was disinfected by peracetic acid or UV irradiation. Removal of heterotrophic bacteria by applying 6 mg/L and 12 mg/L peracetic acid was 2.8 and 3.1 log, respectively. Similarly, removal of heterotrophic bacteria by applying 0.21 kWh/m 3 and 2.10 kWh/m 3 for UV irradiation was 2.1 and greater than 4 log, respectively. Physico-chemical treatment of raw wastewater followed by UV irradiation and/or peracetic acid disinfection showed the potential for treatment of arctic wastewater.

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“…It was introduced to wastewater treatment approximately 30 years ago (Antonelli et al, 2006;Baldry, 1983;Falsanisi et al, 2006;Kitis, 2004;Koivunen and Heinonen-Tanski, 2005;Luukkonen et al, 2015) and recently has been used to disinfect combined sewer overflows (Chhetri et al, 2016(Chhetri et al, , 2014. Commercial PAA is available as an acidic quaternary equilibrium mixture of PAA, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, and water (Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%