Combined short and long-delay tandem shock waves to improve shock wave lithotripsy according to the Gilmore–Akulichev theory

Icaza-Herrera, Miguel de; Fernández, Francisco; Loske, Achim M.

doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2014.12.002

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Additionally, because of their proximity to the canal walls, the emitted shock waves are still propagating at super-sonic speeds as they reach the smear layer, potentially increasing the cleaning mechanism even further. The proposed SWEEPS technique shares similarities with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), where focused ultrasonic waves are used to break kidney stones into smaller pieces [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplification of pressure waves in laser-assisted endodontics with synchronized delivery of Er:YAG laser pulses

Lukač

Jezeršek

2018

Lasers Med Sci

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When attempting to clean surfaces of dental root canals with laser-induced cavitation bubbles, the resulting cavitation oscillations are significantly prolonged due to friction on the cavity walls and other factors. Consequently, the collapses are less intense and the shock waves that are usually emitted following a bubble’s collapse are diminished or not present at all. A new technique of synchronized laser-pulse delivery intended to enhance the emission of shock waves from collapsed bubbles in fluid-filled endodontic canals is reported. A laser beam deflection probe, a high-speed camera, and shadow photography were used to characterize the induced photoacoustic phenomena during synchronized delivery of Er:YAG laser pulses in a confined volume of water. A shock wave enhancing technique was employed which consists of delivering a second laser pulse at a delay with regard to the first cavitation bubble-forming laser pulse. Influence of the delay between the first and second laser pulses on the generation of pressure and shock waves during the first bubble’s collapse was measured for different laser pulse energies and cavity volumes. Results show that the optimal delay between the two laser pulses is strongly correlated with the cavitation bubble’s oscillation period. Under optimal synchronization conditions, the growth of the second cavitation bubble was observed to accelerate the collapse of the first cavitation bubble, leading to a violent collapse, during which shock waves are emitted. Additionally, shock waves created by the accelerated collapse of the primary cavitation bubble and as well of the accompanying smaller secondary bubbles near the cavity walls were observed. The reported phenomena may have applications in improved laser cleaning of surfaces during laser-assisted dental root canal treatments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplification of pressure waves in laser-assisted endodontics with synchronized delivery of Er:YAG laser pulses

Lukač

Jezeršek

2018

Lasers Med Sci

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“…A useful tool to estimate the size of bubbles immersed in a liquid versus the time after their interaction with a shock wave is the Gilmore-Akulichev equation [50]. By obtaining the maximum diameter of shock wave-exposed bubbles using high-speed imaging, it is possible to calculate their initial size, the approximate diameter of the microjets emitted after collapse, and the delay to enhance the collapse energy of these specific bubbles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater Shock Wave-Enhanced Cavitation to Induce Morphological Changes and Cell Permeabilization in Microscopic Fungi

Martínez-Maldonado,

Millán-Chiu,

Fernández

et al. 2024

Fluids

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Since the discovery of extracorporeal lithotripsy, there has been an increased interest in studying shock wave-induced cavitation, both to improve this technique and to explore novel biotechnological applications. As shock waves propagate through fluids, pre-existing microbubbles undergo expansion and collapse, emitting high-speed microjets. These microjets play a crucial role in the pulverization of urinary stones during lithotripsy and have been utilized in the delivery of drugs and genetic materials into cells. Their intensity can be amplified using tandem shock waves, generated so that the second wave reaches the bubbles, expanded by the first wave, during their collapse. Nevertheless, there is little information regarding the control of microjet emissions. This study aimed to demonstrate that specific effects can be obtained by tuning the delay between the first and second shock waves. Suspensions containing Aspergillus niger, a microscopic fungus that produces metabolites with high commercial value, were exposed to single-pulse and tandem shock waves. Morphological changes were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Proteins released into the medium after shock wave exposure were also studied. Our findings suggest that, with enhanced control over cavitation, the detachment of proteins using conventional methods could be significantly optimized in future studies.

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“…It results in more vigorous shock waves and enhanced photoacoustic streaming compared to that in PIPS mode [27,28]. The shock wave and enhanced photoacoustic streaming can pump out the infectious material in the more hidden parts of the canal, achieving a better irrigation efficacy compared to that with PIPS [28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming versus photon-induced photoacoustic streaming modes for clearing root canal bacteria using erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers: An in vitro study

Wang

Shi

2020

Preprint

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Background: The root canal cleaning efficacy of the photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) mode in erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) lasers is controversial. Shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS), a novel mode in Er:YAG lasers, creates a strong shock wave in a narrow container. We accordingly hypothesized that it may effectively eliminate bacteria from narrow root canals. The present study aimed to compare the bacterial clearance efficacy between the SWEEPS and PIPS modes for Er:YAG lasers designed for root canal treatment.Methods: The distal and palatal roots of 130 freshly extracted human molars were used. The smear layer was first removed by conventional root canal preparation. All samples were then sterilized in an autoclave. The samples were subsequently exposed to Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for 4 weeks to establish E. faecalis infection models. The models were divided into three groups according to the irrigation method (n = 40 per group): 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) activated using the SWEEPS Er:YAG laser mode, 3% NaOCl activated using the PIPS Er:YAG laser mode, and 3% NaOCl without activation.Results: The bacterial clearance efficacy, based on the colony-forming unit count, was significantly higher in the SWEEPS group than in the PIPS and NaOCl groups. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy after irrigation revealed that the SWEEPS group had the least number of bacteria.Conclusions: The SWEEPS mode is more effective than the PIPS mode for eradicating E. faecalis from root canals.

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Combined short and long-delay tandem shock waves to improve shock wave lithotripsy according to the Gilmore–Akulichev theory

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

Amplification of pressure waves in laser-assisted endodontics with synchronized delivery of Er:YAG laser pulses

Amplification of pressure waves in laser-assisted endodontics with synchronized delivery of Er:YAG laser pulses

Underwater Shock Wave-Enhanced Cavitation to Induce Morphological Changes and Cell Permeabilization in Microscopic Fungi

Shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming versus photon-induced photoacoustic streaming modes for clearing root canal bacteria using erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers: An in vitro study

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