Combined steam-dry reforming of toluene in syngas over CaNiRu/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts

Oh, Gunung; Park, Ga Young; Seo, Myung Won; Won, Ho; Mun, Tae Young; Lee, Jae-Goo; Yoon, Sang Jun

doi:10.1080/15435075.2019.1566729

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Therefore, the reverse WGS reaction ( eq 6 ) and the Boudouard reaction ( eq 10 ) are appropriate to explain the increase of CO and H 2 and the decrease of CO 2 after the addition of promoters. 8 Additionally, the Boudouard reaction ( eq 10 ) represents the removal of carbon deposition on these catalysts during reforming. For the H 2 /CO ratio, it was contrary to catalyst activity because the H 2 /CO ratios of Fe-Ni/CGA-1d, Mn-Ni/CGA-1d, and Mo-Ni/CGA-1d catalysts were lower than Ni/CGA-1d, Co-Ni/CGA-1d, and Ce-Ni/CGA-1d catalysts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that Ni-based catalysts are active in tar reforming, and the effects of supports, additive oxides, and other metals on the catalyst performance have been widely investigated. Previous reports suggested that the Al 2 O 3 was wildly used as a catalyst support due to its high mechanical strength, tuneable textural properties, and availability. − In addition, natural mineral (olivine and dolomite), − zeolite, zirconia, , magnesium oxide, silica, etc. also were selected as carriers by many researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Promoters on Steam Reforming of Toluene over a Ni-Based Catalyst Supported on Coal Gangue Ash

et al. 2020

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The exploration of high-value-added materials using inorganic solid waste is a very important contribution to sustainable development. Coal gangue ash (CGA) as a solid waste was chosen as catalyst support. Five low-cost catalysts modified by different promoters (Co, Ce, Fe, Mn, and Mo) were prepared using a co-impregnation method. The toluene steam reforming tests were carried out at 800 °C under S/C = 2 (steam-to-carbon mole ratio). Catalyst characteristics were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that most promoters could interact with a Ni active compound and enhance the toluene conversion and H 2 yield. The Mo-Ni/CGA-1d (1d means the acid pretreatment time) catalyst performed the best catalytic activity, and corresponding toluene conversion and H 2 yield was equal to 92.6 and 62.3%, respectively, and it should be due to the formation of Mo-Ni alloy. Meanwhile, the Mo-Ni/CGA-1d catalyst exhibited higher stability during the runtime of 300 min compared with the Mn-Ni/CGA-1d catalyst, which can be attributed to the formation of the Mo 2 C structure with high-carbon-resistance ability. This is perhaps because the dissociation of CO 2 or H 2 O on the Mo 2 C structure surface is beneficial to the production of free oxygen species, which can accelerate the removal of carbon deposition on the catalyst surface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Promoters on Steam Reforming of Toluene over a Ni-Based Catalyst Supported on Coal Gangue Ash

et al. 2020

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“…On the one hand, the acid pretreatment could adjust the composition of some elements such as Fe, K, Ca, Ti, and Mg in CFA. Some of the elements can promote the catalytic performance of corresponding catalysts, and many researchers had confirmed that the addition of K, Ca, Mg, and Fe could improve the catalyst performance 13,18,37–39 . On the other hand, the catalyst crystalline phase could be controlled by adjusting chemical composition of CFA support.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the elements can promote the catalytic performance of corresponding catalysts, and many researchers had confirmed that the addition of K, Ca, Mg, and Fe could improve the catalyst performance. 13,18,[37][38][39] On the other hand, the catalyst crystalline phase could be controlled by adjusting chemical composition of CFA support. The Ni/CFA-6h having the highest catalytic activity may be because of the formation of Fe-rich Fe-Ni alloy particles, which was also reported by relative reference.…”

Section: The Performance Of Ni/cfa-t Catalysts With Different Acid mentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic steam reforming of toluene as model tar compound using Ni/coal fly ash catalyst

Lü

Xiong

et al. 2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Coal fly ash (CFA), a solid waste from power plants, was selected as the support of Ni-based catalysts used for steam reforming of toluene in a fixedbed reactor. The CFA support was thermally pretreatment first, followed by chemical activation with different treatment time (6 h to 4 days) in 2-mol/L HNO 3 solution. Then, series low-cost catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation. The prepared catalysts were characterized suitably by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauere-Emmette-Teller (BET), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and Raman techniques. According to the catalyst characterization, the chemical pretreatment could improve the support property by adjusting the chemical composition. The Fe-rich Fe-Ni and Ni-Co alloy was formed by H 2 reduction on the Ni/CFA-6h and Co-Ni/CFA-6h catalysts, respectively. In the catalytic steam reforming of toluene, the Ni/CFA-6h had the best catalytic active among all monometallic catalysts, which could be attributed to the existence of Fe 0.94 Ni 0.06 particles, and its performance could be further improved after partly replacing Ni by Co. The Co-Ni/CFA-6h catalyst exhibited the best ability of carbon deposit resistance, implying that its catalytic performance slightly lower than Ni/SiO 2 was due to the too large S BET surface area gap. K E Y W O R D S carbon deposit, catalyst, coal fly ash, steam reforming, toluene 1 | INTRODUCTION Recently, the depletion of fossil fuel is increasingly becoming a global concern. So along with the shortage of fossil fuels, biomass has drawn considerable attention owing to its high availability, low emission, and renewability. 1,2 Of all biomass thermochemical conversion technologies, gasification, in particular, enables the transformation of biomass into syngas, which include hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 3 Syngas can be converted into many kinds of chemical substances through the Fischer-Tropsch method and can be used for power generation. 4-6 However, the formation of tar in the syngas is the primary challenge and urgently facing the gasification process. 7 Biomass tars mainly are largely aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, and naphthalene, and they constitute condensable fractions of the organic gasification product. 8 The presence of tar in syngas contributes to end-use problems such as blockages and corrosion in downstream filters, fuel line, engine nozzles, and turbines. 9 Therefore, the removal of biomass tar is an urgent problem to be solved at present.

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“…[1][2][3][4] The syngas ratio, that is, H 2 /CO molar ratio, plays a critical role in matching its end-usage. Conventionally, syngas is produced either by gasifying solid fuels (coal and biomass) or by reforming gaseous fuels like methane (natural gas), 3,4 propane, 5,6 ethanol, 7,8 polyethylene, 9,10 toluene, 11,12 etc. Among all these feedstocks, the most widely used fuel for syngas production is methane, as it involves the utilization of one of the greenhouse gases which causes global warming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greener process for syngas cogeneration: Bi‐reforming of methane coupled with chemical looping combustion

Alam

Sumana

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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A greener, self-sustainable and integrated process has been proposed in this paper to produce syngas through chemical looping combustion (CLC) coupled bi-reforming of methane (BRM) with CO 2 for the first time . The proposed process scheme is advantageous in several folds, that is, it consumes two major greenhouse gases, overcomes the drawback of catalyst deactivation caused by coke formation and it can produce syngas gas with an H 2 /CO molar ratio of 2 as required for methanol synthesis processes. Further, integration of BRM with CLC, helps to fulfil the endothermic heat demand and CO 2 feed requirement of BRM. Further, the process is made self-sustainable with the incorporation of heat recovery and steam generation and power generation sections.Steady-state plant-wide models have been developed for the proposed integrated CLC-BRM process using ASPEN Plus software and detailed thermodynamic analysis has been performed. Rigorous sensitivity analysis has resulted in 98.2% CH 4 conversion, H 2 and CO yields of 93.6%, 93.9% respectively with a syngas ratio of ≈ 2 at the bi-reformer conditions of 850 C and 1 atm. The optimal steam and CO 2 input flowrates for bi-reforming of 1 kmol/hour CH 4 are found to be 0.8 and 0.4 kmol/h respectively, which are fulfilled by CLC integration. The performance of the proposed scheme is further compared with a conventional bi-reforming process that uses a combustor for energy supply.The results demonstrate the feasibility and potential pay-offs of the CLC-BRM scheme in terms of increased energy efficacy and eco-friendliness.

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Combined steam-dry reforming of toluene in syngas over CaNiRu/Al₂O₃ catalysts

Cited by 21 publications

References 68 publications

Effect of Promoters on Steam Reforming of Toluene over a Ni-Based Catalyst Supported on Coal Gangue Ash

Effect of Promoters on Steam Reforming of Toluene over a Ni-Based Catalyst Supported on Coal Gangue Ash

Catalytic steam reforming of toluene as model tar compound using Ni/coal fly ash catalyst

Greener process for syngas cogeneration: Bi‐reforming of methane coupled with chemical looping combustion

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Combined steam-dry reforming of toluene in syngas over CaNiRu/Al2O3 catalysts

Cited by 21 publications

References 68 publications

Effect of Promoters on Steam Reforming of Toluene over a Ni-Based Catalyst Supported on Coal Gangue Ash

Effect of Promoters on Steam Reforming of Toluene over a Ni-Based Catalyst Supported on Coal Gangue Ash

Catalytic steam reforming of toluene as model tar compound using Ni/coal fly ash catalyst

Greener process for syngas cogeneration: Bi‐reforming of methane coupled with chemical looping combustion

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Product

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Combined steam-dry reforming of toluene in syngas over CaNiRu/Al₂O₃ catalysts