Combined testing for herpes simplex virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with aseptic meningitis in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Abstract

Background Little is known about the involvement of herpes simplex virus (HSV) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) as potentially curable causes of central nervous system (CNS) infections in sub‐Saharan Africa. Objective In this study, we developed a PCR assay dedicated to simultaneous testing of HSV1/HSV2 and MTB in Burkina Faso, a country where HSV is neglected as a cause of CNS infection and where TB prevalence is high. Methods A consensus HSV1/HSV2 set of primers and probe were designed and combined to primers and probe targeting the IS6110 repetitive insertion sequence of MTB. Analytical performances of the assay were evaluated on reference materials. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from subjects with aseptic meningitis was tested for HSV1/HSV2 and MTB DNA. Results The UL29 gene was chosen as a highly conserved region targeted by the HSV1/HSV2 nucleic acid test. The lower limits of detection were estimated to be 2.45 copies/µL for HSV1, 1.72 copies/µL for HSV2, and 2.54 IS6110 copies per µL for MTB. The PCR was used in 202 CSF collected from subjects suspected of aseptic meningitis. Five samples (2.46%) tested positive, including two children positive for HSV1 (0.99%) and three adults tested positive for MTB (1.47%). Conclusion Using an in‐house real‐time PCR assay, we showed that both HSV and MTB are etiologic pathogens contributing to aseptic meningitis in Burkina Faso. This molecular test may have clinical utility for early diagnosis for those treatable CNS infections.

Susceptibility of Pimephales promelas and Carassius auratus to a strain of koi herpesvirus isolated from wild Cyprinus carpio in North America

“…Nucleic acid purification using chelex resin and detection of CyHV-3 by qPCR. For nucleic acid purification, chelex resin (Sigma) was used as described by Zida et al 35 and briefly summarized here. For pooled tissue samples, approximately 100 mg of each tissue was homogenized in 1 mL of nuclease free water (NFW) and then centrifuged, with 50 μL of the resulting supernatant later used as starting material.…”

Host Range of Carp Edema Virus (CEV) during a Natural Mortality Event in a Minnesota Lake and Update of CEV Associated Mortality Events in the USA

“…DNA from adult carp tissues from disease outbreaks were extracted using the Qiagen DNeasy blood & tissue kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD, USA), following the manufacturer’s protocol for tissues. DNA from juvenile carp and native species survey samples, as well as from DCCO fecal and regurgitant survey samples, were extracted using chelex resin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) as described by Zida et al (2019) [ 20 ].…”

Frequency of Herpes simplex Infection in Iranian Children with Aseptic Meningitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Herpes encephalitis is the most common cause of sporadic fatal encephalitis worldwide. Given the effectiveness of acyclovir as an antiviral drug, early diagnosis and treatment of the disease is of high significance and it is associated with a 30-to-70-percent recovery (15).HSV has been known as the most common cause of acute sporadic cases of encephalitis worldwide; HSV accounts for 10-20% of annual cases of encephalitis in the United States (17). In individuals with immunodeficiency, this infection can be highly fatal.…”

“…The initial diagnosis of this infection and treatment with acyclovir are highly significant in reducing the mortality rate and the incidence of neurological complications in the survivors. Herpes Simplex Virus is also likely to create infections in face, mucosal areas, genital areas, and other skin parts (15).Another diagnostic method for HSV infection is applying polymerase chain reaction (PCR); this method is widely used in clinics and laboratories (16).From the PCR methods, Real Time TaqMan PCR has various benefits including speed, accuracy, and quantity (17). Real Time TaqMan PCR has been recently applied as a useful tool in clinical virology in diagnosing HSV genome.the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the Frequency of Herpes Virus Infection in Iranian Children with Aseptic Meningitis.…”