Combined therapy for cancer of the anal canal

Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal

“…18,24,25,38,39 In fact, chemoradiotherapy has supplanted abdominoperineal resection as the primary treatment modality, and surgery is now reserved for cases where there is persistent or recurrent disease after chemoradiotherapy. 32 The examination of differences in survival according to the type of treatment administered is challenging using retrospective data because there is likely a strong treatment selection bias that cannot be determined or measured using cancer registry data (i.e., patient performance status).…”

Quality of Life Outcomes in Patients with Anal Cancer after Combined Radiochemotherapy

“…Radiochemotherapy is widely accepted as the standard therapy, saving the sphincter and preserving normal bowel function [18]. The 5-year overall survival and local control rates are 70-80%, the colostomy-free survival rate is 65-70%, and the complete pathologic response rate is about 90% [4,9,16,22,28,29,31,33,42]. The treatment is associated with a high rate of acute toxicity and late toxicity including gastrointestinal symptoms and sphincter insufficiency [15,24,28,30].…”

Volumetric intensity-modulated arc therapy vs. 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for primary chemoradiotherapy of anal carcinoma

“…Primary chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has become the standard approach [5,6] for anal squamous cell carcinoma since Nigro et al [7] first reported in the early 1980s that CRT was a curative, sphincter-sparing treatment alternative to tumor resection. Subsequently, the benefit of external beam irradiation and concurrent chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C has been confirmed by several randomized trials [6,[8][9][10].…”