Combined Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses in Grass Carp Under Anesthetic Stress

Abstract

Ctenopharyngodon Idella, as a common freshwater bony fish, is more susceptible to various diseases than other carp species, so it has been proposed as a test organism for toxicological analysis In this study, C. idella were anesthetized with MS-222 and 2-PE, and the related anesthetic mechanism and toxic effects were revealed by transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. When the concentration of MS-222 was 80 mg/L and 200 mg/L, 179 and 887 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, were identified in the brain tissue of C. idella. When the concentration of 2-PE was 0.6 mL/L and 1.2 mL/L, 498 and 514 DEGs were identified. The DEGs associated with MS-222 treatment were enriched in immune pathways, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and various signaling pathways; DEGs associated with 2-PE treatment were enriched in immunity and amino acid metabolism. In total, 304 metabolites were identified using a combination of positive and negative ion modes in mass spectrometry. The common differential metabolites identified in the MS-222 high and low concentration groups were 20-HETE and 12(R)-HETE; the common significant differential metabolite identified in the 2-PE high and low concentration groups was salidroside. In combination with the transcriptomics analysis and metabolomics analysis, the results showed that with the MS-222 and 2-PE concentrations used in this experiment, the metabolism of arachidonic acid in C. idella was inhibited by MS-222, and 2-PE affected the upstream and downstream metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, thereby affecting the metabolism of arachidonic acid. Both anesthetics induce sedation by affecting related metabolites that affect stress response and autoimmunity. Metabolomics results showed that neither anesthetic had a significant effect on cortisol expression.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the potential mechanism of waterlogging resistance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

“…To verify the accuracy of the DEGs, qRT-PCR analysis was conducted to compare the consistency in the expression of some genes ( Wang et al., 2022 ). Six differentially expressed genes, namely, ADH-class-P-like (107910431), PER1 (107916248), RbohD (107957571), RAP2-3 (107896651), MT1 (107936947), and XTH9 ((107959252), were randomly chosen ( Figure 7 ).…”

Effect of chronic deltamethrin exposure on brain transcriptome and metabolome of juvenile crucian carp

“…For example, combined transcriptomics and metabolomics clarified the toxic effects in grass carp under anesthetic stress. 20 In Sparus aurata, a similar multi-omics approach was applied to evaluate the toxicity of sulisobenzone (BP-4). 21 To fill the aforementioned knowledge gaps, we constructed a chronic exposure model of juvenile crucian carp treated with Del for 28 days and demonstrated that Del treatment led to intestinal dysbiosis and inflammatory symptoms in the crucian carp.…”

“…The integrated omics analysis has been adopted by researchers to elucidate the unique pathways and multifaceted mechanisms. For example, combined transcriptomics and metabolomics clarified the toxic effects in grass carp under anesthetic stress 20 . In Sparus aurata , a similar multi‐omics approach was applied to evaluate the toxicity of sulisobenzone (BP‐4) 21 .…”