The present work examined the potential for two plants grown on Canadian soil, Symphytum officinale L. (common comfrey) and Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass) to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using metal chloride catalysis in two ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Furthermore, two pretreatments, namely the dilute sulfuric acid treatment and the methanol extraction, were studied as a way to improve sugar availability and increase 5-hydroxymethylfurfural yields compared to untreated biomass. The 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 hydrolysis under autoclave conditions produced sugar rich extracts containing 230±23 mg of sugars per g of hydrolysed biomass for comfrey and 425±13 mg of sugars per g of hydrolysed biomass for switchgrass. The methanol extraction produced extracts high in simple sugars with concentration of 300±60 mg of sugars per g of dry extract for comfrey and 202±16 mg of sugars per g of dry extract for switchgrass. The yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was improved from less than 1% using untreated biomass to 6.04% and 18.0% using dry methanol extracts of comfrey and switchgrass, respectively. These yields, although small, are important as they show for the first time that a methanol extract could enhance the metal chloride catalysis in ionic liquids for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural production from biomass. Le rendement en 5-hydroxyméthylfurfural a été amélioré de moins de 1% en utilisant la biomasse non traitée à 6.04% et 18.0% en utilisant des extraits méthanoliques secs de consoude et panic érigé, respectivement. Ces rendements, bien que petits, sont importants car ils montrent pour la première fois qu'un extrait méthanolique peut améliorer la catalyse aux chlorures de métaux dans des liquides ioniques pour la production de 5-hydroxyméthylfurfural à partir de biomasse.
Mots-Clés5-hydroxyméthyfurfural, catalyse, consoude, pré-traitement, panic érigé Pre-treatments of the plant materials are often used prior to the production of biofuels with the goals of removing hemicellulose and lignin, reducing cellulose crystallinity, and increasing cellulose porosity. 27 The main goal of the pre-treatment is therefore to improve sugar availability. 27 Very few studies have reported the use of a pre-treatment in combination with the production of HMF from plant biomass. 2,9,13,23,24 120°C for 2 h. 13 In comparison, the yield obtained from untreated wood chips was 41%. 13 In the same study, a yield of 76% of HMF was also obtained from diluted NaOH pre-treated rice straw. 13 These studies show that both the extract and the recovered biomass after treatment may be useful in increasing HMF yields from lignocellulosic biomass. However, few treatments and feedstocks have been covered in the literature, and the comparison between untreated and treated feedstocks for the production of HMF is still lacking.In the present study, we aimed to solve the issues related to using edible crops (such as soil erosion, depletion of food resources, and use of pesticides and herbicide) by ...