In response to a high concentration of glucose, Bacillus subtilis, a microbial chassis for producing
many industrial metabolites, rapidly takes up glucose using the phosphotransferase
system (PTS), leading to overflow metabolism, a common phenomenon
observed in many bacteria. Although overflow metabolism affects cell
growth and reduces the production of many metabolites, effective strategies
that reduce overflow metabolism while maintaining normal cell growth
remain to be developed. Here, we used a quorum sensing (QS)-mediated
circuit to tune the glucose uptake rate and thereby relieve overflow
metabolism in an engineered B. subtilis for producing d-pantothenic acid (DPA). A low-efficiency
non-PTS system was used for glucose uptake at the early growth stages
to avoid a rapid glycolytic flux, while an efficient PTS system, which
was activated by a QS circuit, was automatically activated at the
late growth stages after surpassing a threshold cell density. This
strategy was successfully applied as a modular metabolic engineering
process for the high production of DPA. By enhancing the translation
levels of key enzymes (3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethytransferase,
pantothenate synthetase, aspartate 1-decarboxylase proenzyme, 2-dehydropantoate
2-reductase, dihydroxy-acid dehydratase, and acetolactate synthase)
with engineered 5′-untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs, the
metabolic flux was promoted in the direction of DPA production, elevating
the yield of DPA to 5.11 g/L in shake flasks. Finally, the engineered B. subtilis produced 21.52 g/L of DPA in fed-batch
fermentations. Our work not only revealed a new strategy for reducing
overflow metabolism by adjusting the glucose uptake rate in combination
with promoting the translation of key metabolic enzymes through engineering
the 5′-UTR of mRNAs but also showed its power in promoting
the bioproduction of DPA in B. subtilis, exhibiting promising application prospects.