Combining a spread spectrum technique with error-correction code to design an immune stegosystem

Youail, Rami S.; Samawi, Venus W.; Kadhim, Aqeel Kamil

doi:10.1109/iwasid.2008.4688395

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These and other ideas were developed in subsequent works. For example, in [42], correction codes were investigated; in [43,44], a discrete cosine transform (DCT) was implemented together with the direct spreading of the spectrum, etc. Papers [45,46] are devoted to the study of chaos.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Papers [45,46] are devoted to the study of chaos. In works [47,48], hiding information in video data was studied, and in [42,49], audio signals were used for hiding information. Indeed, hiding messages in audio signals is a promising direction [50]; these methods can be used, for example, to protect the property rights of digital audio signals [51].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Direct Spread Spectrum Technology for Data Hiding in Audio

Kuznetsov

Onikiychuk²,

Peshkova³

et al. 2022

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Direct spread spectrum technology is traditionally used in radio communication systems with multiple access, for example, in CDMA standards, in global satellite navigation systems, in Wi-Fi network wireless protocols, etc. It ensures high security and reliability of information transfer. In addition, spread spectrum technology provides the transmitted signals with a noise-like appearance, thus hiding the semantic content of the messages. We researched this technology for other implementations. The purpose of our study was to investigate new technologies for hiding data in multimedia files. In particular, we investigated the direct spread spectrum in the context of the development of methods for hiding data in audio containers. We considered various spreading sequences (chip codes) and also explored their use for hiding information in audio files. We conducted experimental studies and estimated the bit error rate (BER) in the recovered data. The article also evaluates the distortion of an audio container by the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The results of our research enable us to find out which method of forming chip codes gives a lower BER with equal PSNR. We provide recommendations on the formation of spreading sequences to reliably and safely hide informational messages in audio files.

show abstract

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Spread Spectrum Technology for Data Hiding in Audio

Kuznetsov

Onikiychuk²,

Peshkova³

et al. 2022

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Дальнейшие исследования были направлены на снижение BER и повышение качества cover image. Для этого использовались различные методы [23,26]: помехоустойчивое кодирование, фильтрация и пр. В работах [22,27] исследуются варианты Spread Spectrum Steganographic при использовании аудио-и видео-cover files.…”

Section: обзор литературыunclassified

Data hiding based on noise-like signal addressing

Кuznetsov¹,

Смірнов²,

Кіян³

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are various computing techniques (methods) to transmit secret messages. For example, cryptographic techniques hide the semantic content of transmitted messages, presenting them in the form of noise-like minor data. Steganographic techniques hide the existence of information messages itself. In this case, messages are hidden inside cover files, i.e., redundant data that are transmitted in an open way and do not cause suspicion in anyone. An outside observer can intercept cover files, analyze and examine them. However, it is very difficult or even impossible to detect and recover hidden data. This article discusses the techniques for hiding data in cover images using direct spread spectrum. We propose a new technique that consists in direct addressing of pseudo-random sequences. On the one hand, it significantly reduces cover file distortion. On the other hand, the error rate in recovered messages does not increase. Our experiments have shown, that Spread Spectrum Steganography technique indeed reduce the distortion in cover images compared to other techniques. We give some illustrative examples and show the advantages of the proposed method. Even with a significant increase in encoding density, the quality of cover images does not degrade. We also conduct experiments and evaluate image quality based on Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). The obtained results of experimental studies confirm the adequacy and reliability of the research results. The main disadvantage of the proposed data hiding technique is a high computational complexity. To recover messages, it is necessary to calculate sequentially the correlation coefficients with a large number of pseudo-random sequences.

show abstract