Combining ability for resistance to Fusarium wilt and yield in black bean

Abstract

The objective of this work was to investigate the genetic control of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and to select parents and segregating populations with high resistance to Fusarium wilt, high yield, and greater 100-seed weight (100SW), using a partial diallel cross. Twenty-five populations were obtained from two groups of parents – the first with five parents resistant to and the second with five parents susceptible to Fusarium wilt. The segregating populations were evaluated in experiments in three years/generations for reaction to Fusarium wilt, yield, and 100SW in an area naturally infested with the pathogen. The diallel analysis showed additive and nonadditive effects in control of the three studied traits, with predominance of additive effects. CNFP 15194, CNFP 15207, and 'BRS Esplendor' are the genotypes with high and negative general combining ability estimates (gi = -0.59, -0.76, and -0.13, respectively), being recommended for use as parents for resistance to Fusarium wilt. Among them, CNFP 15194 also forms populations with a greater 100SW (gi = 0.69). The BRS FP403 cultivar is recommended as a parent to increase yield (gi = 218) and 100SW (gi = 1.46). Six populations were selected to obtain black bean lines that combine resistance to Fusarium wilt, high yield, and high 100SW.

Selection of parents and segregating populations of carioca common bean resistant to Fusarium wilt

“…The area in which the experiments were set up is routinely used for evaluating the reaction of common bean lines to Fusarium wilt, as it is highly infested with the pathogen (D. G. Pereira et al, 2019a;H. S. Pereira et al, 2016Torres et al, 2021Torres et al, , 2022. The plots were composed of two 4-m rows in 2012 and 2013 and four 4-m rows in 2014.…”

“…The traits evaluated were reaction to Fusarium wilt, grain yield, and 100-seed weight. To evaluate reaction to Fusarium wilt, the scoring scale described by Torres et al (2021) was used, ranging from 1 to 9, in which 1 represents the absence of susceptible plants; 2: 0.1-5%; 3: 5.1-10%; 4: 10.1-20%; 5: 20.1-40%; 6: 40.1-60%; 7: 60.1-80%; 8: 80.1-90%; and 9: 90.1-100%. The evaluation was performed by two persons at the R8 (grain filling) phenological stage.…”

“…Z. Pereira et al, 2008;Torres et al, 2021). This disease occurs throughout Brazil, but highly impacts the Central region in the winter crop season (sowing from April to June), where successive common bean crops are grown under center pivot irrigation systems in humid and mild temperature conditions, which are favorable to the development of the pathogen (Batista et al, 2017;Xue et al, 2015).…”

“…Z. Pereira et al, 2011;Torres et al, 2021). Nevertheless, even now, most of the carioca grain type cultivars available are susceptible, especially those with more upright plant architecture and lighter-colored seed coats.…”

“…Some studies have also been performed for reaction to Fusarium wilt (Batista et al, 2016;D. G. Pereira et al, 2019a;Torres et al, 2021) and showed that the dominance and additive effects were important.…”