Combining acid-based deep eutectic solvents and microwave irradiation for improved chestnut shell waste valorization

Mero, Angelica; Husanu, Elena; Mezzetta, Andrea; Ferrari, C.; D’Andrea, Felicia; Bramanti, Emilia; Pomelli, Christian Silvio; Guazzelli, Lorenzo

doi:10.1039/d1gc03450b

Cited by 62 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…For all the samples, a very broad complex signal at 6.0–7.4 ppm, indicative of the presence of a heterogeneous phenolic polymer such as lignin [ 23 , 53 ], was observed. Notably, in the case of chestnut shell lignin, a singlet at 7.48 ppm was also observed, likely due to the presence of a small amount of ellagic acid [ 54 ], in line with what previously reported for DES-based extractions of chestnut shells [ 55 , 56 ]. Chestnut shell lignin, and to a lesser extent pecan nut shell lignin, were also the only samples to exhibit a well-detectable broad signal in the range of 8.5–9.5 ppm, likely due to the presence of a significant number of phenolic OH groups.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Recovery of Lignins with Potent Antioxidant Properties from Shells of Edible Nuts by a Green Ball Milling/Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-Based Protocol

et al. 2022

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Lignins are phenolic polymers endowed with potent antioxidant properties that are finding increasing applications in a variety of fields. Consequently, there is a growing need for easily available and sustainable sources, as well as for green extraction methodologies of these compounds. Herein, a ball milling/deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based treatment is reported as an efficient strategy for the recovery of antioxidant lignins from the shells of edible nuts, namely chestnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, pecan nuts, and pistachios. In particular, preliminarily ball-milled shells were treated with 1:2 mol/mol choline chloride:lactic acid at 120 °C for 24 h, and the extracted material was recovered in 19–27% w/w yields after precipitation by the addition of 0.01 M HCl. Extensive spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis allowed for confirmation that the main phenolic constituents present in the shell extracts were lignins, accompanied by small amounts (0.9% w/w) of ellagic acid, in the case of chestnut shells. The recovered samples exhibited very promising antioxidant properties, particularly in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (EC50 values ranging from 0.03 to 0.19 mg/mL). These results open new perspectives for the valorization of nut shells as green sources of lignins for applications as antioxidants, e.g., in the biomedical, food, and/or cosmetic sector.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Recovery of Lignins with Potent Antioxidant Properties from Shells of Edible Nuts by a Green Ball Milling/Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-Based Protocol

et al. 2022

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“…The composition of NADESs has a large influence on their physicochemical properties (polarity, viscosity, and solubility), which directly affect the extraction efficiency of the target compounds. According to the previous literature ( 30 , 31 ), we selected two commonly used HBAs, i.e., choline chloride and betaine, and four HBDs, i.e., DL-malic acid, citric acid, malonic acid, and oxalic acid, which are favorable for phenolic acid extraction. The molar ratios of NADESs were also based on the previous literature ( 30 , 31 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the previous literature ( 30 , 31 ), we selected two commonly used HBAs, i.e., choline chloride and betaine, and four HBDs, i.e., DL-malic acid, citric acid, malonic acid, and oxalic acid, which are favorable for phenolic acid extraction. The molar ratios of NADESs were also based on the previous literature ( 30 , 31 ). NADESs have a large mass transfer resistance, and the excessive viscosity of NADESs at room temperature has a large impact on the EA yield.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural deep eutectic solvent-ultrasound assisted extraction: A green approach for ellagic acid extraction from Geum japonicum

et al. 2023

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IntroductionIn China and other Asian nations, Geum japonicum (GJ) is used as functional vegetables or as a type of folk medicine. Ellagic acid (EA) is one of the main active ingredients in GJ and has been utilized in food, cosmetics, and medicinal goods worldwide. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have gradually replaced organic solvents for efficient extraction of plant-derived active compounds due to its environmental protection, low toxicity, low solubility, reusability, etc.MethodsNADES with the highest EA yield was selected and the extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), the antioxidant activity of NADES extract was determined, and finally Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to explain the mechanism for the increase of EA yield in GJ.ResultsIn this work, several NADESs were tailored for the ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of EA from GJ, among which choline chloride-oxalic acid (ChCl:Oa) was the most effective. In optimal conditions, ChCl:Oa extract produced higher EA yields than common organic solvents including methanol, ethanol, and acetone. In vitro antioxidant experiments showed that ChCl:Oa extract had stronger DPPH radical scavenging ability than other solvent extracts. Mechanically, FT-IR results indicated that ChCl:Oa could form a hydrogen bonding with EA, which enhanced the stability of EA. Meanwhile, ChCl:Oa-UAE treatment could destroy the tissue structure of GJ, thereby improving EA yield.DiscussionIn conclusion, these results imply that the ChCl:Oa-UAE method might be an environmentally friendly approach for extracting EA from GJ.

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“…This latter is the most commonly applied method and consists of heating and stirring DESs’ components, in an inert environment, until a homogeneous liquid is obtained and NADESs are prepared in a similar way (Singh et al 2021 ). Nowadays, DESs are being applied to solubilisation of lignocellulosic biopolymers (Colombo Dugoni et al ( 2020 ); Yiin et al ( 2021 ); Marks and Viell ( 2022 )), extraction of natural products (González-Rivera et al ( 2021 ); Husanu et al ( 2020 ); Cao et al ( 2020 )), solvents and catalysts for organic synthesis (Dilauro et al ( 2021 ); Cicco et al ( 2021 )), pharmaceutical application (Silva et al ( 2020 )), electroanalysis (Arnaboldi et al ( 2021 )), metal electrodeposition (Rosoiu et al ( 2021 )), to name a few examples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are natural deep eutectic solvents always a sustainable option? A bioassay-based study

Sanches

Freitas

Oliva³

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The traditional use of organic solvents in various branches of industry is being rethought as these compounds very often display high volatility, toxicity and lipophilicity (related to the ability to interact with biological membranes). More recently, developments in the field of Green Chemistry are focusing on the design of more sustainable and cost-effective solvent alternatives like Ionic Liquids (ILs), bio-based solvents and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs). The present study aimed at performing an ecotoxicological screening of 15 NADESs using an extensive set of marine and freshwater bioassays, based on different endpoints as the following: immobilization of the crustacean Daphnia magna, growth inhibition of Raphidocelis subcapitata and of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, larval development alterations on the serpulid Ficopomatus enigmaticus and bioluminescence inhibition of Aliivibrio fischeri. What emerged was a general absence of toxicity of all samples. However, both algal assays showed a certain degree of biostimulation, up to over 100% growth increase in respect to controls with 8 out of 15 compounds tested with Raphidocelis subcapitata. Despite NADESs-induced negligible toxicity effects to invertebrates, encouraging their labelling as “sustainable” solvents, the liability of their intentional or accidental release into aquatic systems may represent a serious risk in terms of ecosystem functioning impairments.

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Combining acid-based deep eutectic solvents and microwave irradiation for improved chestnut shell waste valorization

Abstract: Key features of the deep eutectic solvent-microwave assisted simultaneous extraction of polyphenols and delignification pretreatment of chestnut shell waste are presented.

Cited by 62 publications

References 79 publications

Recovery of Lignins with Potent Antioxidant Properties from Shells of Edible Nuts by a Green Ball Milling/Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-Based Protocol

Recovery of Lignins with Potent Antioxidant Properties from Shells of Edible Nuts by a Green Ball Milling/Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-Based Protocol

Natural deep eutectic solvent-ultrasound assisted extraction: A green approach for ellagic acid extraction from Geum japonicum

Are natural deep eutectic solvents always a sustainable option? A bioassay-based study

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