Combining eutectic solvents and pressurized liquid extraction coupled in-line with solid-phase extraction to recover, purify and stabilize anthocyanins from Brazilian berry waste

Abstract

A PLE-SPE extraction process for the anthocyanins from Jabuticaba wastes was developed using an eutectic mixture, this acting simultaneously as solvent and stabilizing agent.

Greener chemistry in analytical sciences: from green solvents to applications in complex matrices. Current challenges and future perspectives: a critical review

“…The techniques used are virtually the same as those described in the previous section for ionic liquids. To overcome the problem of high viscosity and improve mass transfer, extraction is often performed using vortex, 130 ultrasound, 138,139,143 microwaves, 133 controlled temperature 135 or elevated pressure, 135,140 especially for solid–liquid extraction. In general, liquid–liquid extraction with (NA)DES, which was excellently described by Andruch et al , 111 is the most commonly used method.…”

“…In addition, DES is used in analytical chemistry for the dissolution or digestion of solid samples, chromatographic separations, etc. 114 In the analysis of environmental, food, and natural product samples, (NA)DES are used to isolate analytes from solid, liquid, or gaseous samples by liquid-phase [135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145] or sorbent-based 143,[146][147][148] methods (Fig. 5).…”

“…The proper selection of NA(DES) enables their compatibility with different instrumental analytical techniques. Different analysis and detection methods are successfully used for a variety of analytes and DESs (FAAS, 136 ETAAS, 134,135 UV/VIS spectrophotometry, 133 HPLC-UV, 137,138,145,147,150 HPLC-FLD, 140 HPLC-MS, 133,139 GC-FID, 141,142 GC-MS 144 ). The presence of DES in the analysis by HPLC does not usually affects the results, especially when hydrophilic DES decompose in a water-containing mobile phase, but possible interferences during method acquisition of starting HBA and HBD have to be checked.…”

“…In such cases, we may opt for headspace extraction as an additional step. 139 Attempts of combining DES extraction and purification methods in-line 135 and the on-line coupling of extraction step with detection instruments 145 give the realistic hope that (NA) DESs will find their place in the daily work of the analytical chemist in the near future. There are a number of excellent works that evaluate complete analytical workflow, 133,139 from DES extraction to instrumental analysis.…”

“…Unfortunately, the authors could not evaluate their results because there is no data in the literature on the metrological characterization of analytical methods for the same purpose. In this regard, comparisons of newly established protocols using NA(DES) with already established methods, such as official quality control procedures of herbal medicinal products, 135 or analyses of certified reference materials, 134 are also rather rare. Such new methods, fully characterized and/or compared with standard methods, would contribute to a more rapid transition to acceptance of green chemistry principles in routine laboratory work.…”