Combining Found Data and Surveys to Measure Conflict Mortality

Klingner, Jeff; Silva, Romesh

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199977307.003.0008

Counting Civilian Casualties 2013

DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199977307.003.0008

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Combining Found Data and Surveys to Measure Conflict Mortality

Jeff Klingner¹,

Romesh Silva²

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Data Visualization for Human Rights Advocacy

Rall¹,

Satterthwaite²,

Pandey³

et al. 2016

J Human Rights Practice

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In a world of 'Big Data', data visualization allows the viewer to explore curated data; the creator to quickly convey complex information; and advocates to vividly display their view of a better world. Fields as disparate as journalism, environmental advocacy, and development assistance are taking advantage of these data-filled times. A similar movement can be described for the realm of human rights advocacyalthough at a much smaller scale. Human rights advocates have been increasingly using data to better understand rights violations and to communicate their findings and messages to targeted audiences, from the general public to policymakers and judicial bodies. While the use of data and visualization among human rights advocates is becoming more common, innovations are being taken up unevenly, and advocates admit that choices about approaches and techniques are largely based on anecdotal evidence. This article introduces the results of preliminary research into some of these questions that are the product of collaboration between researchers from a school of engineering and a school of law. It provides an initial assessment of the field, presenting the results of a study examining the use of data visualization and other visual features by Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch through content coding and expert interviews. It then offers the findings of two crowdsourced user studies into pressing questions in the visualization field which hold promise for human rights advocates seeking to communicate their messages through data visualization, and concludes by suggesting further areas for research.

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Data Visualization for Human Rights Advocacy

Rall¹,

Satterthwaite²,

Pandey³

et al. 2016

J Human Rights Practice

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Using Power Laws to Estimate Conflict Size

Friedman

2014

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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Casualty counts are often controversial, and thorough research can only go so far in resolving such debates—there will almost always be missing data, and thus, a need to draw inferences about how comprehensively violence has been recorded. This article addresses that challenge by developing an estimation strategy based on the observation that violent events are generally distributed according to power laws, a pattern that structures expectations about what event data on armed conflict would look like if those data were complete. This technique is applied to estimate the number of Native American and US casualties in the American Indian Wars between 1776 and 1890, demonstrating how scholars can use power laws to estimate conflict size, even (and perhaps especially) where previous literature has been unable to do so.

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Combining Found Data and Surveys to Measure Conflict Mortality

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Data Visualization for Human Rights Advocacy

Data Visualization for Human Rights Advocacy

Using Power Laws to Estimate Conflict Size

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