Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression.

Williams, Alishia D.; Blackwell, Simon E.; Mackenzie, Anna; Holmes, Emily A.; Andrews, Gavin

doi:10.1037/a0033247

Cited by 148 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In addition, CBM procedures have been extended by training procedures targeting the induction and modification of functional and dysfunctional approach avoidance tendencies (e.g., Becker et al 2014;Rinck et al 2013;Wiers et al 2011), and standard experimental designs have been supplemented by single-case (e.g., Blackwell and Holmes 2010;Kruijt et al 2013) and qualitative (e.g., Beard et al 2012) methodologies. Finally, researchers have started to examine the effects of CBM procedures in conjunction with, or in comparison to, other psychological interventions such as internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (e.g., Boettcher et al 2014;Bowler et al 2012;Månsson et al 2013;Williams et al 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial for the Special Issue on Cognitive Bias Modification Techniques: An Introduction to a Time Traveller’s Tale

Woud

Becker

2014

Cogn Ther Res

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At the time of writing (December, 2013), a search for cognitive bias modification (CBM) in SCOPUS yields 113 results. Tellingly, the earliest of the articles found by this rather crude search appear in 2009, clustering around the special issue on CBM in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology that year (Koster et al. 2009). While the term CBM had been used in the literature prior to this, and in fact research into CBM (albeit not always using this exact term) had been steadily gathering momentum since the first studies were published in 2000, there has clearly been an explosion in research on CBM in the years since. What has happened in this period? Over the past 4 years, CBM research has been on an exciting journey, with many twists and turns, ups and downs. This special issue seeks to provide an overview of this journey, and a glimpse of the road-or roads-ahead. But where to begin? The journey did not start in 2009, nor even a decade earlier when the dominant CBM paradigms were first described. To fully make sense of this journey, and all the twists in this travellers' tale, we must go back further still.Once upon a time … during the cognitive era of psychology … researchers embarked on the great adventure of exploring the 'cognitive landscape' of emotional pathology … an extremely challenging landscape…. After a few years, the first landmarks were established: cognitive biases in emotional disorders. But what did they signify? It seemed that such selective information-processing biases were crucial factors in the etiology, maintenance, and relapse of various types of emotional disorders. Hence, many cognitive theories built on this discovery in order to account for emotional pathology (e. Cognitive biases reflect a general processing advantage for disorder-relevant information. The findings of cognitive-experimental research indicate that emotional disorders are (roughly) characterized by three types of biases, i.e., biases in attention, interpretation, and memory. To illustrate, depressed or anxious individuals are, compared to healthy individuals, more likely to attend to negative cues, interpret ambiguity in a more negative manner, and selectively recall negative information (for a review, see Mathews and MacLeod 2005). According to the assumptions put forward by cognitive theories, the functional relationship between biases and emotional pathology can be described as follows: Biases are accompanied by various dysfunctional cognitions, which in turn activate dysfunctional emotional and behavioral responses. Due to the reinforcing connection between cognitions, emotions, and behavior, a 'psychopathological downward spiral' becomes activated in vulnerable individuals, possibly resulting in anxiety-or depression-related symptoms.In parallel to the development of measures to assess biases in attention, interpretation, and memory, researchers started to investigate whether it is also possible to modify biased cognitive processes. This work was motivated by the question of the causal nature of these biases: while the...

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confidence: 99%

Editorial for the Special Issue on Cognitive Bias Modification Techniques: An Introduction to a Time Traveller’s Tale

Woud

Becker

2014

Cogn Ther Res

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“…En otro caso, la combinación de TCC y MSC-A frente a la TCC combinada con relajación no arrojó resultados superiores en una muestra con fobia social (Shechner et al, 2014). Sin embargo, como se ha indicado previamente, la combinación de MSC-I con TCC sí ha mostrado ser superior al entrenamiento MSC-I aislado y a la no intervención en población con depresión (Williams et al, 2013). Además, un entrenamiento atencional hacia caras felices vs. de enfado (usando un procedimiento de dot probe), previo a una terapia para fobias infantiles, parece aumentar el efecto de dicha terapia (Waters et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Una variante utilizada del MSC-I basado en imaginación ha resultado de su combinación con la terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) por internet. Un ensayo clínico aleatorizado ha arrojado resultados superiores del grupo de intervención combinada, frente al grupo control y al de entrenamiento MSC-I aislado, tanto en síntomas depresivos como en el cambio clínicamente significativo (Williams, Blackwell, Mackenzie, Holmes y Andrews, 2013). Aunque se trata del primer estudio en este sentido, abre las puertas al enriquecimiento de los tratamientos eficaces disponibles al combinarlos con procedimientos de MSC.…”

Section: Almudena Duque Irene López-gómez Iván Blanco Y Carmelo Vázunclassified

Modificación de Sesgos Cognitivos (MSC) en depresión: Una revisión crítica de nuevos procedimientos para el cambio de sesgos cognitivos

et al. 2015

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ResumenLos sesgos cognitivos juegan un papel importante como factores de vulnerabilidad en los trastornos emocionales. Recientemente se han empezado a desarrollar intervenciones para la Modificación de Sesgos Cognitivos (MSC), con el objetivo final de mejorar los síntomas clínicos. Aunque estos procedimientos innovadores se han utilizado más en los problemas de ansiedad, existe una investigación creciente sobre su uso en la depresión. En este trabajo efectuamos una revisión del marco teórico, los procedimientos utilizados y los principales resultados de la MSC en la depresión, en especial en la corrección de sesgos atencionales y de interpretación. Finalmente se analizan las limitaciones conceptuales y metodológicas de estas nuevas intervenciones y se discuten sus implicaciones clínicas, teóricas y aplicadas. Palabras clave: Modificación de sesgos cognitivos (MSC), sesgos cognitivos, intervenciones cognitivas y depresión. AbstractCognitive biases play an important role as vulnerability factors in emotional disorders. Interventions for Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) have recently begun to be developed with the ultimate goal of improving clinical symptoms. Although these innovative procedures have been applied mainly in anxiety problems, there is increasing research on the application in depression. This work reviews the theoretical framework, the procedures used, and the main results of CBM in depression, especially in the modification of attention and interpretative bias. Finally the conceptual and methodological limitations of these promising interventions procedures are analyzed as well as the clinical, theoretical and applied implications.

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“…Three studies (18,19,20) evaluated bias modification for depressive disorders but one study (Williams D et al, 2013) (18) (19) found a significant reduction in the overall anhedonia scores.…”

Section: Depressive Disorders (3 Studies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Web-Based Cognitive Bias Modification Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders: Scoping Review (Preprint)

Zhang¹,

Ying²,

Song³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Cognitive biases refer to automatic attentional or interpretational tendencies, which result in individuals with addictive disorders to automatically attend to substance-related stimuli and those with anxiety disorders to attend to threatening stimuli. To date, several studies have examined the efficacy of cognitive bias modification, and meta-analytical studies have synthesized the evidence for overall efficacy. The clinical utility of cognitive bias modification interventions has previously been limited to the confines of a laboratory, but recent advances in Web technologies can change this. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to determine the scope of Web-based cognitive bias interventions and highlight their effectiveness. METHODS Databases (PubMed and MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Central) were searched from inception to December 5, 2017. The following search terminologies were used: (“attention bias” OR “cognitive bias” OR “approach bias” OR “avoidance bias” OR “interpretative bias”) AND (“Internet” OR “Web” OR “Online”). The methods for this scoping review are based on the previously published protocol. For the synthesis of the evidence, a narrative synthesis was undertaken, as a meta-analysis was not appropriate, given the lack of reported effect sizes and the heterogeneity in the outcomes reported. RESULTS Of the 2674 unique articles identified, we identified 22 randomized controlled studies that met our inclusion criteria: alcohol use disorder (n=2), tobacco use disorder (n=2), depressive disorder (n=3), anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents (n=3), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; n=2), social anxiety disorder (n=9), and anxiety disorder (n=1). The sample sizes of these studies ranged from 16 to 434 participants. There is preliminary evidence to suggest that Web-based interventions could reduce biases among adolescents with heightened symptoms of anxiety and depression and among individuals with OCD. CONCLUSIONS This is the first scoping review that mapped out the scope of cognitive bias modification interventions for psychiatric disorders. Web-based interventions have been applied predominantly for social anxiety and addictive disorders. Larger cohorts must be used in future studies to better determine the effectiveness of Web-based cognitive bias interventions.

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Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression.

Cited by 148 publications

References 34 publications

Editorial for the Special Issue on Cognitive Bias Modification Techniques: An Introduction to a Time Traveller’s Tale

Editorial for the Special Issue on Cognitive Bias Modification Techniques: An Introduction to a Time Traveller’s Tale

Modificación de Sesgos Cognitivos (MSC) en depresión: Una revisión crítica de nuevos procedimientos para el cambio de sesgos cognitivos

Web-Based Cognitive Bias Modification Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders: Scoping Review (Preprint)

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