Combining Industrial Wastes with Lime for Soil Stabilization

Kamon, Masashi; Nontananandh, Supakij

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1991)117:1(1)

Cited by 116 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As shown in Fig. 2a, increasing addition of cement from 5.0% to 10% increased leachate pH, which may result from the inherent alkalinity of cement (Kamon & Nontananandh 1991). Elevated pH would induce solubilization of silica and alumina from the soil clay minerals (Keller 1964), promoting the formation of cementitious hydrates, calcium alumina hydrate (C-A-H) and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) (Gougar et al 1996).…”

Section: Cement Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immobilization of lead in shooting range soils by means of cement, quicklime, and phosphate amendments

Cao

Dermatas

et al. 2007

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Section: Cement Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4a). Ettringite can immobilize heavy metals through isomorphous substitution of the ions in the mineral product (Kamon & Nontananandh 1991). Gougar et al (1996) suggested that Pb can generally replace Ca in the ettringite phase.…”

Section: Cement Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of lead in shooting range soils by means of cement, quicklime, and phosphate amendments

Cao

Dermatas

et al. 2007

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…While overall the reactions and products associated with the interaction of CKD with water are not completely understood, and are likely to vary depending on the particular CKD under consideration, there have been efforts to identify some simple parameters that can be used to predict the reactivity of CKD, based on its oxide composition. Two empirical parameters that have been proposed are the Hydration Modulus, HM (Kamon and Nontananandh, 1991) and the Total Reactive Oxide content, TRO (Collins and Emery, 1983). Kamon and Nontananandh (1991) is not provided), Miller et al (2003) reported a good correlation between the HM and the effectiveness of the CKD in stabilizing three oils (Soils employed are CH, CL and ML as per USCS).…”

Section: Chemical and Physical Parameters To Define The Reactivity Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two empirical parameters that have been proposed are the Hydration Modulus, HM (Kamon and Nontananandh, 1991) and the Total Reactive Oxide content, TRO (Collins and Emery, 1983). Kamon and Nontananandh (1991) is not provided), Miller et al (2003) reported a good correlation between the HM and the effectiveness of the CKD in stabilizing three oils (Soils employed are CH, CL and ML as per USCS). Since cementitious phases in the form of alite and belite are rarely found in CKD, and given that free lime is likely the most significant source of reactivity in CKD, the literature data summarized in Table 3.1 were analyzed to establish the correlation, if any, between free lime content and HM.…”

Section: Chemical and Physical Parameters To Define The Reactivity Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Criteria for the Utilization of Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) in Highway Infrastructures

Sreekrishnavilasam¹,

Santagata²

2006

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Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration. AbstractThis research addressed the recycling of cement kiln dust (CKD), a by-product of cement manufacturing. While significant quantities of CKD are generated every year, its utilization in construction has been to this day quite limited. Additionally, the issue of reusing already landfilled CKD has remained almost completely unexplored. The work made use of three fresh CKDs collected at different instances from the same U.S. plant, as well as CKD obtained from different locations in a 12 year old landfill adjacent to the plant. A comprehensive experimental study of the physio-chemical and engineering properties of the CKDs was performed, and the results compared to published data for other CKDs. Differences in the free lime content were observed between different batches of the fresh CKD and were ascribed to changes implemented to the cement plant. Tests performed on the landfilled CKD showed very consistent characteristics and the presence of only traces of free lime. A distinct characteristic note for both CKDs is the small particle size (85-95% <10µm). Marked differences in particle morphology are, however, observed between the fresh and the landfilled CKD, which have a significant impact on the engineering properties. Hence, the study highlights the potential impact of chemical alteration processes on the properties of reactive byproducts when exposed to the environment in a disposal site. Based on the results of the characterization study, several potential applications for the CKDs were identified. Two of these: soil improvement and controlled low strength materials (CLSM) were selected for additional work. In investigating the use of CKD for soil improvement, only one fresh CKD was found to be sufficiently reactive (thanks to presence of free lime). The results for the other fresh and the landfilled CKD suggest that these materials may be used in combination with limited amounts of Portland cement to treat wet subgrades or water-logged areas. The viability of using the low free lime fresh and landfilled CKDs in CLSMs was assessed through comparison of the fresh and hardened properties to those of fly-ash based mixtures. While all CKD mixtures displayed excellent flow properties, only those manufactured with the highest cement dosage considered (50 kg/m 3 ) had setting times and strength compatible with their practical use in the field. Key WordsFresh KCD, landfilled CKD, characterization, free lime, soil improvement, CLSM. Distribution StatementNo restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 The manufacture of portland cement is accompanied by the generation of large quantities of cement kiln dust (CKD), a by-product waste material. In the United States, more than four million tons of CKD that is unsuitable for recycling in the cement manufacturing process require disposal annually (Todres et al., 1992). ...

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“…Jones and Holtz (1973) studied the relationship between the mineralogical composition and water chemistry and their relationship to geotechnical properties and engineering structures failures. Kamon and Nontananandh (1991) prepared a product by burning industrial wastes along with lime to produce a by-product having cementing characteristics and showed that the resulting by-product is of promise for use in stabilizing a loam soil. Khattab et al (2007) have evaluated the long-term stability characteristics of lime-treated expansive soils to improve the properties of expansive soils.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Clayey Soil with an Industrial Effluent: Stabilization of Soil Subgrade

Murthy¹,

Krishna²,

Rao³

2017

Soil Testing, Soil Stability and Ground Improvement

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Abstract. Rapid growth of infrastructure viz., construction of highways, embankments limits the construction on varied soil conditions. The construction sites at times pass through weak/expansive soils. In order to overcome weak and problematic sub grade world over, soil stabilization becomes inevitable. In this connection, mechanical stabilization of clayey soils is explored with partial replacement by Vitrified Tiles Sludge (VTS), an industrial waste. In this experimental study, expansive soils samples are collected from Palakol town in the West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. The experiments showed significant volume changes in the soil with a change in water content, corresponding decrease in strength and significant increase in compressibility. The current experimental investigation studies the variation in the geotechnical characteristics of expansive soil modified with sludge formed by crushing vitrified tiles (VTS) in aqueous medium. Our study reveals that there is a significant decrease in compressibility characteristics of the clay with an increase in the proportion of vitrified tile sludge. The composite soil proves to be good construction material for construction of various civil engineering structures such as embankment, earthen dams, and runways wherever the decrease in swelling and plasticity are the real targets.

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Combining Industrial Wastes with Lime for Soil Stabilization

Cited by 116 publications

References 12 publications

Immobilization of lead in shooting range soils by means of cement, quicklime, and phosphate amendments

Immobilization of lead in shooting range soils by means of cement, quicklime, and phosphate amendments

Development of Criteria for the Utilization of Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) in Highway Infrastructures

An Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Clayey Soil with an Industrial Effluent: Stabilization of Soil Subgrade

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