“…Since then, many authors have done a lot of research into its application and theory. It has demonstrated its efficiency in various engineering problems (Kohonen, Raivio, Simula, Venta, & Henriksson, 1990), including clustering, pattern recognition, the reduction of dimensions and the extraction of features. In addition, SOM has been applied in the visualization of complex processes and systems and discovery dependencies and abstractions from raw data in semiconductor manufacturing.…”