Combining Passive and Autonomous Inflow Control Devices in a Tri-Lateral Horizontal Well in the Alvheim Field

Abstract

This paper describes the analysis, test and design work to deliver an optimum lower completion for a tri-lateral well, by integrating autonomous and passive inflow control devices (ICD), in the Alvheim field offshore Norway. Chemical tracers, permanently installed in the completion, enabled the evaluation of inflow performance in each lateral. This continues to give valuable information to assess whether the tri-lateral completion is performing as predicted, improves reservoir characterisation and guides reservoir management decisions. In 2015, both passive and autonomous inflow control devices (AICD) were tested in the laboratory with Alvheim fluids at reservoir conditions. The experimental flow testing, reported in this paper, demonstrated that the AICD chokes gas more efficiently than the passive ICD, but also that the strength of the AICD were lower than expected a priori. The experimental results were used to model the AICD correctly and establish a lower completion strategy as follows: where the well was close to the overlying gas cap, AICDs should be used, while passive ICDs with variable strength were to be used elsewhere to optimise the inflow. Steady-state inflow modelling was performed before the drilling operation and updated accordingly with the as drilled information. The lower completion design for each branch focused to get what was estimated to be an optimal inflow based on oil volume in place. A key uncertainty in the design work was whether shaly zones along the wellbore would creep/collapse with time and act effectively as packers or not. The lower completion covered around 7 km of reservoir penetration in the three branches, and 15 unique oil tracers were installed to evaluate the clean-up and the inflow profile along the well. The well started producing in May 2016 and downhole flow control valves enabled a successful clean-up, as confirmed by oil tracer responses. In addition, a restart tracer sampling campaign was done after a 12-day shut-in, in August 2016, and this formed the basis for a "chemical production log". The tracer based inflow interpretation is compared quantitatively with the model predicted inflow and qualitatively to the tracer responses seen during the clean-up. This gives valuable feedback to the completion design, and assist in understanding the various degrees of pressure support and if the shaly reservoir sections have creeped/collapsed or not. The well has exceeded pre-drill production expectations, with an average oil rate of 3375 Sm3/d (21240 stb/d) during the first production year. This is a consequence of higher than expected NTG, but is also partly a result of the lower completion design, where the focus has been to optimize the lower completion such that the whole well contributes, from the heel to all toes. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first well in the world with a lower completion integrated with AICDs, ICDs and chemical tracers.