Combining Phasor Measurements to Monitor Cutset Angles

New angles for monitoring areas

“…Cutset area angles were invented in 2009, developed from first principles in [1], and illustrated in [2]. Here we significantly extend this previous work and generalize the angles across cutset areas to angles across more general areas of the power system that need not be cutset areas.…”

“…Although the cutset angle and cutset area angle concepts are simple, we have not yet found any previous literature defining or using these concepts. This paper significantly generalizes the cutset area of [1,2], particularly in not requiring the area to separate the power system.…”

“…Since removing these equivalent lines separates the buses M a from the M b , these equivalent lines form a cutset of the reduced network, and we can apply the cutset angle concept of [1] to define the angleθ ab across the cutset. The cutset angleθ ab obeys circuit laws and can be understood as the angle across an equivalent single line joining bus a to bus b.…”

“…In [1], we develop from scratch a concept of angle across a cutset of lines and extend the concept to a cutset area angle by considering a reduced network. The new concepts are derived as a non-standard instance of general circuit theory.…”

Visualizing the Electrical Structure of Power Systems

“…Under these assumptions, the |Z thev ij| distance predicts the change in voltage angle required to transmit a unit of active power from one bus, i, for reception at j, holding all other system quantities constant. Work such as [64] has proposed system voltage angle separations as being a key metric of system robustness, while [65] concludes that "phase angle differences serve as an excellent measure of system stress". Conceptually, large voltage angle differences arise when substantial power flows are transacted over long electrical distances: the |Z thev | distance may help to visualize power systems so that such transactions can be easily identified.…”